Lutheran Theology Web Site

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Welcome to David Jay Webber’s
Lutheran Theology Web Site

...in the presence of God and of all Christendom among both our contemporaries and
our posterity, we wish to have testified that the present explanation..., and none
other, is our teaching, belief, and confession in which by God’s grace we shall
appear with intrepid hearts before the judgment seat of Jesus Christ and for which
we shall give an account. (FC SD XII:40, Tappert)

And Jesus came and spoke to them, saying, “All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth. Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age.” (Matthew 28:18-20, NKJV)
Now they who received his word were baptized, and ... they continued steadfastly in the teaching of the apostles and in the communion of the breaking of the bread and in the prayers. (Acts 2:41-42, Confraternity)
But you must continue in the things which you have learned and been assured of, knowing from whom you have learned them, and that from childhood you have known the Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus. All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work. (2 Timothy 3:14-17, NKJV)
“Thus it is written, and thus it was necessary for the Christ to suffer and to rise from the dead the third day, and that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in His name to all nations...” (Luke 24:46-47, NKJV)
...sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts, always being ready to make a defense to everyone who asks you to give an account for the hope that is in you, yet with gentleness and reverence... (1 Peter 3:15, NASB)

Hello! Thank you for visiting my Lutheran Theology Web Site. I am an ordained Lutheran minister, affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Synod. I established this site while I was serving (from 1997 to 2005) as the Rector of Saint Sophia Ukrainian Lutheran Theological Seminary in Ternopil’, Ukraine. At the present time I am the Pastor of Redeemer Lutheran Church in Scottsdale, Arizona.

The purpose of this site is to promote, extend, and defend the theology of Confessional Lutheranism, as reflected especially in the Symbolical Books of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. I am persuaded that this theology is thoroughly apostolic, catholic, orthodox, and evangelical -- in the truest and deepest sense of those terms.

I do not agree with every opinion or idea that is expressed in every essay or document that can be found on or through this web site. I do believe, however, that all of them make valuable and worthwhile contributions toward the site’s purpose, and for this reason I have included them here.

If you would like to share any thoughts about this web site with me, or if you would like to contact me for any other reason, I would love to hear from you. Reports of broken or misdirected links, and suggestions for additions and improvements, are especially welcome.

Martin Luther (author of the Small Catechism, the Large Catechism, and the Smalcald Articles) and Philip Melanchthon
(author of the Augsburg Confession, the Apology of the Augsburg Confession, and the Treatise on the Power and
Primacy of the Pope)

–– CATEGORIES ––

Revelation, Scripture, and Authority
The Lutheran Confessions
God and Creation
Grace and Election
The Person and Work of Christ
The Law and the Gospel
Holy Baptism
The Sacrament of the Altar
Justification and Sanctification
The Ministry and the Church
The Liturgy and Worship
Church Fellowship
Evangelism and Missions
The Christian and Society
Death and Resurrection
Apologetics
Multi-Topical and Miscellaneous
The Text of Holy Scripture
Recommended Lutheran Sites
Lutheran Sites with Useful Information
Non-Lutheran Sites with Useful Information
Predominantly Non-English Lutheran Sites
Predominantly Non-English Non-Lutheran Sites with Useful Information

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KEY:
on-site resource
off-site link
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Revelation, Scripture, and Authority
The Doctrine of Holy Scripture in the Lutheran Confessions
The Holy Scriptures: Like Christ, Divine and Human
Moses and the Book of Genesis: Inspired Author, or Inspired Compiler and Editor?
The Ancient Fathers on “Sola Scriptura”
Saint Ambrose on the Authority of Holy Scripture
A Defense of “Sola Scriptura” (James E. Kiefer [an Anglican])
“Charismatic” Phenomena and the Lutheran Confessions
Prophecies of the Reformation? (Frederick George Smith [a member of the Church of God])
Scripture and Tradition in the Lutheran Confessions (Holsten Fagerberg)
Inspiration of the Scriptures and Question in Apologetics (C. H. Little)
The Witness of History for Scripture (Homologoumena and Antilegomena) (Francis A. O. Pieper)
Luther: Word, Doctrine, and Confession (Robert D. Preus)
The Power of God’s Word (Robert D. Preus)
Luther and Biblical Infallibility (Robert D. Preus) [PDF]
Lessons From Luther on the Inerrancy of Holy Writ (John Warwick Montgomery)
The Bible is the Authoritative Word of God (Kenneth Schurb)
On the Verbal Inspiration of Scripture (Hannu Lehtonen)
The English Bible (August O. W. Pieper)
True Knowledge (August O. W. Pieper)
Ten Commandments of Bible Interpretation (Roger Kovaciny)
The Gospel and the Scriptures (Gregory Lockwood)
Mary and the Pope: Remarks on the Dogma of the Assumption of Mary (Hermann Sasse)
The Authority of Scripture, of Tradition, and of the Church (Philip Melanchthon) [PDF]
Luther and the Scriptures (J. Michael Reu) [PDF]

David Chytraeus, Andreas Musculus, Nicolaus Selnecker, Martin Chemnitz,
Jacob Andreae, and Christoph Koerner (authors of the Formula of Concord)

God and Creation
Summary of the Holy Trinity (Martin Chemnitz)
The Highest Mystery of the Most Holy Trinity in the Old Testament (David Hollaz)
One God in Three Persons (William C. Weinrich)
Saint Ambrose on the Procession of the Holy Spirit
Adam, Eve, and Seth: Image of the Trinity? - Quotations from St. Gregory of Nazianzus
The Father as “the Source of the Godhead” and the Eternal Procession of the Holy Spirit
Augustine and the “Two Gregories” on the Origin of the Holy Spirit (Kallistos Ware [Eastern Orthodox])
Is God In Hell?
Question of the Origin of Souls (C. H. Little)
Question of the Component Parts of Man’s Being (C. H. Little)
Does God Exist and Where Can I Find Him? (Richard P. Bucher)
Our Triune God (Peter Toon [an Anglican])
Luther and Science (Donald H. Kobe)
Luther on Evolution (Paul A. Bartz)
Is God an Evolutionist? (David N. Menton)
Genesis, Creation, and Life (Gregory Lockwood)
Angels: The Mysterious Messengers (Laurence L. White)
The Devil’s Fraud, Lies, and Deception (Martin Luther)
Bugenhagen, Luther, and Chemnitz on Demonic Possession and Exorcism
Quotes from Lutheran Pastoral Handbooks on the Topic of Demon Possession
Spiritism: A Study of Its Phenomena and Religious Teachings (Theodore Graebner)
The Institution of Marriage (Geoffrey Noller)
Genesis, Creation, and Life (Gregory Lockwood)

Grace and Election
An Accounting to the Congregations of the Norwegian Synod (Ulrik Vilhelm Koren)
Why Are Some Saved and Others Lost?
What Did Luther Believe About Predestination?
Doctrine of Predestination (Part One) (Nikolaus Selnecker)
Doctrine of Predestination (Part Two) (Nikolaus Selnecker)
Doctrine of Predestination (Part Three) (Nikolaus Selnecker)
Commentary on Romans 11:33-36 (Georg Stöckhardt)
Luther Warns About the Dangers of Decision Theology (Bill Ritchie)
Predestination: The Great Doctrine of Comfort (Richard P. Bucher)
The Controversy Concerning Predestination (C. F. W. Walther)
The Doctrine of Election Presented in Questions and Answers (C. F. W. Walther)
There is Nothing New Under the Sun (C. F. W. Walther)
The Doctrine of Election, or Predestination (Fred Kramer)
What We Teach Concerning Election (the Wauwatosa Faculty)
Where Faith Comes From (Johannes Brenz)
The Contribution of Adolf Hoenecke to the Election Controversy (John Schroeder)

...Jesus Christ, our God and Lord, “was put to death for our
trespasses and raised again for our justification” (Rom. 4:25).
He alone is “the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the
world” (John 1:29). “God has laid upon him the iniquities
of us all” (Isa. 53:6). Moreover, “all have sinned,” and
“they are justified by his grace as a gift, through the
redemption which is in Christ Jesus, by his blood”
(Rom. 3:23-25). (SA II I:1-2, Tappert)

The Person and Work of Christ
Divine Wrath and the Suffering of Christ: Quotations From Selected Fathers and Theologians of the Eastern Church
Martin Luther on “Clauso Utero” and “Semper Virgo”
Jesus, Mary and Martin
The Two Natures In Christ (Martin Chemnitz)
Concerning the State of Exinanition and Exaltation (Johann Gerhard)
The Atonement and Modern Thought (Junius B. Remensnyder)
Doctrine of the Humiliation of Christ (C. H. Little)
Doctrine of the Impeccability of Christ (C. H. Little)
Who Is Jesus Christ? (Richard P. Bucher)
Yesterday, Today and Forever (Peter Toon [an Anglican])
Jesus and the Wrath of God (David P. Scaer)
“All Theology Is Christology” (David P. Scaer)
A Tender, Unitarian Christmas (Aaron D. Wolf)

The Law and the Gospel
Saint Ambrose on Law and Gospel
Chemnitz on Mortal & Venial Sin
Chemnitz on Absolution
Chemnitz on Penance
The Power of the Gospel (Philip Melanchthon)
The Gospel and Justification (Jacob A. O. Preus)
The Gospel as Words (Jacob A. O. Preus)
The Scandal of the Cross (James Woelmer)
Martin Luther on Preaching (Patrick Ferry)
Private Confession in the Lutheran Church (Paul H. D. Lang)
Private Confession and Absolution (William M. Cwirla)
The Gospel (Carl Manthey-Zorn)
What Is the Gospel? (Richard P. Bucher)
Doctrine Concerning the First Sin (C. H. Little)
What’s So Original About Sin? (Charles St-Onge)
Law and Gospel (25 Theses) (C. F. W. Walther)
The Proper Distinction between Law and Gospel (C. F. W. Walther)
Walther, Law and Gospel, and the State of the Church Today (Daniel Preus)
Law and Gospel in the Writings of C. F. W. Walther (Daniel Preus)
Propositions on Unevangelical Practice (H. C. Schwan)
On the Efficacy of the Divine Word (Adolf Hoenecke)
Why Doesn’t our Preaching Get More Results? (August O. W. Pieper)
The Word Is the Fountain of Life (Markku Särelä)
Using the Third Use: Formula of Concord VI and the Preacher’s Task (Jonathan G. Lange)
God’s Will and Command (John Schaller)
On Being a Theologian of the Cross (Gerhard Forde)
From Arrowhead to Augsburg: Bill Bright in the Light of the Lutheran Confessions (Craig A. Parton)
The Third Use of Law (John Warwick Montgomery)
Falling Away from Faith (George F. Wollenburg)
Mortal and Venial Sin: A Lutheran Distinction? (Adam G. Cooper)

It is taught among us that Baptism is necessary
and that grace is offered through it. Children,
too, should be baptized, for in Baptism they are
committed to God and become acceptable
to him. (AC IX:1-2, Tappert)

Holy Baptism
Martin Luther: A “Born Again” Christian
On Baptism (David Chytraeus)
Baptism as Consolation in Luther’s Pastoral Care (John T. Pless)
Christ’s Teaching on Holy Baptism (Jeff Gross)
Evidence for Infant Baptism in the Church Fathers and Inscriptions
Baptism in the New Testament (A. Andrew Das)
Infant Baptism (A. Andrew Das)
The Augsburg Confession and Its Apology, Article IX: Baptism (Scott M. Marincic)
Infant Baptism in Early Church History (Dennis Kastens)
Infant Baptism in the Early Church
Early Church on Trinitarian Baptism
Continually Learning the Meaning of our Baptism (Peter Bender)
Is Baptism Our Symbolic Work for God or God’s Powerful Work for Us? (Richard P. Bucher)
Why We Baptize Babies (Richard P. Bucher)
Scriptural Baptism (Uuras Saarnivaara)

The Sacrament of the Altar
Some Quotations Pertaining to the Consecration and the Sacramental Union
The Consecration (Evangelical Lutheran Hymnal)
The Antiquity of Infant Communion (Roger T. Beckwith [an Anglican])
Lutheran Voices on the Theology and Practice of Infant Communion
Accedat verbum ad elementum, et fit sacramentum (John A. Frahm)
The Lord’s Supper
Luther on the Lord’s Supper
Martin Luther on the Careful and Reverent Administration of the Blood of Christ
Preface to Vom Sakrament des Altars (Hermann Sasse)
The Holy Supper of Our Lord Jesus Christ (John W. Berg)
Communion Frequency in the Lutheran Confessions
Martin Chemnitz on the Frequency of Holy Communion
“Pious Meditations” on the Presence of Christ in His Holy Supper (Martin Chemnitz)
The Lord’s Supper in the Theology of Martin Chemnitz (Bjarne Wollan Teigen)
The Administration and Reception of the Lord’s Supper
Which Churches Have the Lord’s Supper? Which Churches Do Not?
Was a Common Cup Used at the Last Supper? (Joseph Abrahamson)
The Frequency of the Celebration of the Lord’s Supper in the Church (Randal Ehrichs)
The Lord’s Supper in the Congregation (Kenneth W. Wieting)
The Lord’s Supper on the Lord’s Day
Communion Every Sunday: Why? (Klemet Preus)
The Use and Benefit of the Sacrament of the Altar (Jesse M. Jacobsen)
Early Church on the Bodily Presence
It’s Not Ours But The Lord’s Supper! (Naomichi Masaki)
The Self-Communion of Pastors (Peter Anton Widvey)
The Self-Communion of the Clergyman (Karl Heinrich Meusel)
The Sacrament of the Altar: A Book on the Lutheran Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper (Tom G. A. Hardt)
The Case of the Lost Luther Reference (Bjarne W. Teigen)
Luther and the Mass: Justification and the Joint Declaration (Daniel Preus)
Christ Today: His Presence in the Sacraments (Arthur Carl Piepkorn)
We Are Not Ashamed of Their Ardent Struggle (Hermann Sasse)
Church and Lord’s Supper (Hermann Sasse)
Holy Communion: Forgiveness or Assurance? (Adam G. Cooper)

...when we follow his institution and command in the
Lord’s Supper and say, “This is my body,” then
it is his body, not because of our speaking or of our
efficacious word, but because of his command in which
he has told us so to speak and to do and has attached
his own command and deed to our speaking.
(FC SD VII:78, Tappert)

Justification and Sanctification
Some Quotations Pertaining to the Subject of Justification
Through Whom and How the Corruptions of the Article of Justification Were Refuted (Martin Chemnitz)
A Treatise on Justification (Robert Barnes)
Early Church and Justification by Grace
Chrysostom on Justification
Martin Luther: the Separated “Son” of Augustine (Michael J. Scanlon [a Roman Catholic])
The Importance of Justification by Faith
The Twofold Effect and Activity of Faith (Joseph Stump)
The Mystical Union (Joseph Stump)
Mystical Union (David H. Bauslin)
The Mystical Union in the Lutheran Confessions
Justification and Deification (D. Richard Stuckwisch)
Doctrine of Justification, Predestination, and Doctrine of the Assurance of Salvation (C. H. Little)
Ambrose on Justification: A Study in the Catholicity of Lutheran Theology
The Justification of the World (Herman Amberg Preus)
Objective Justification (Robert D. Preus)
Justification and Easter: A Study in Subjective and Objective Justification (Tom G. A. Hardt)
Objective Justification (Kurt E. Marquart)
Luther Revisited: The Doctrine of Justification Is Still the Issue (Rolf D. Preus)
The Enduring Relevance of the Doctrine of Justification (Rolf D. Preus)
Do Lutherans and Roman Catholics Agree on Justification? (Rolf D. Preus)
The Doctrine of Justification in the Theology of Robert Preus (Rolf D. Preus)
Original Sin, Justification, and Sanctification (Bill Ritchie)
Concerning the Doctrine of Justification (C. F. W. Walther)
C. F. W. Walther, Justification and the Joint Declaration (Daniel Preus)
The Lutheran Identity Crisis: With Emphasis on the Doctrine of Justification (Daniel Preus)
Sanctification: By Grace Alone (David P. Scaer)
The Blessed Duel (Stephen C. Krueger)
How Can Our Good Works Please God... God’s Work or Ours? (Harold L. Senkbeil)
The Mystic Union: Another Source of Comfort (Skip Goetzinger)
Freedom (Werner Elert)
Luther and Conversion (Richard Gilbert)
The Doctrine of Justification and Contemporary “Born Again” Theology (John F. Johnson)
Joint Lutheran / Roman Catholic Declaration on Justification: A Response (Concordia Theological Seminary)
The Sweetness of God’s Grace According to Bernard of Clairvaux (Franz Posset [a Roman Catholic])
Luther on Depression (Tony Headley [a Free Methodist])

...God provides for the public proclamation of his divine, eternal law and the wonderful counsel
concerning our redemption, namely, the holy and only saving Gospel of his eternal Son, our only
Saviour and Redeemer, Jesus Christ. Thereby he gathers an eternal church for himself out of the
human race and works in the hearts of men true repentance and knowledge of their sins and true
faith in the Son of God, Jesus Christ. (FC SD II:50, Tappert)

The Liturgy and Worship
Why Is the Lutheran Church a Liturgical Church?
Should Infants and Small Children Be Present in Lutheran Worship Services?
Ceremonies in the Lutheran Church (Edward Traill Horn)
Outlines of Liturgics (Edward Traill Horn)
Worship, Liturgy, and Ceremonies in the Lutheran Confessions
Worship, Liturgy, and Ceremonies in the Lutheran Church
The Mature Luther on Ceremonies
Martin Chemnitz on Rites and Ceremonies
How Festivals Are Observed in Our Churches in the Fear of God (Martin Chemnitz)
Exhortation to Communicants (Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel Church Order)
Dutch Lutheran Worship
On Lay Readers (Robert W. Schaibley)
Historical Use of Layman Within the Worship Service (Rolf D. Preus)
Lutheran Worship Wars (Rolf D. Preus)
Sacramental Worship, Sacramental Preaching (Mark DeGarmeaux)
Lutheran Worship (Marc Haessig)
Through All Generations (Gene Edward Veith)
Faith: New Generation is Looking Back (Uwe Siemon-Netto)
Lutheran Hymnody: Orthodoxy in Song (Chad L. Bird)
The Law and the Gospel in the Liturgy (William M. Cwirla)
Liturgy Notes (S. P. Hebart)
Memoirs of the Lutheran Liturgical Association
Christian Art in the Place and in the Form of Lutheran Worship (Paul E. Kretzmann) [PDF]
Vestments and Liturgies (J. A. O. Stub)
The Proper Communion Vestments (P. Severinsen)
The Musical Heritage of the Church, Vols. 1-7
The Musical Reforms of Martin Luther (Charles K. Moss)
Luther on Music: Paradigms of Praise (Carl Schalk)
“With Angels and Archangels” (Dean M. Bell)
The Mystery of Worship (John W. Kleinig / Steve Rogers)
Holy Lord ... Holy Gifts ... Holy People (John T. Pless)
Ceremonies for Seekers (John T. Pless)
Liturgy and Pietism: Then and Now (John T. Pless)
Taking The Divine Service Into The Week: Liturgy And Vocation (John T. Pless)
Why Use the Historic Liturgy?
Lutheran and Arminian Theology: Their...Emphases and...Impact on Worship (Bill Ritchie)
What Is the Main Thing in Worship? (Richard P. Bucher)
Ten Good Reasons to Go to Church (Richard P. Bucher)
Lutheran Hymnody
Worship and Liturgical Reform at the Time of the Reformation [PDF]
The Veneration of Icons: Historical Development (Kallistos Ware [Eastern Orthodox])

Church Fellowship
Walking Together: ... Balancing Augustana VII with Augustana XV [PDF]
Charles Porterfield Krauth on the Doctrine and Practice of Church Fellowship
Some Quotations Pertaining to the Subject of Prayer Fellowship (and Church Fellowship in General)
Question of Union Services (C. H. Little)
Question of the Attitude of the Church Toward the Lodge System (C. H. Little)
Theses on Open Questions (C. F. W. Walther)
The Drive to Opgjør: The Years 1900-1917 in the Old Norwegian Synod (Jerome Gernander)
A Brief Explanation of Our Communion Practice
Communion and Confession in the History of the Church of Brandenburg
A Short Study of “Closed Communion” on the Basis of the Lutheran Confessions (Robert W. Schaibley)
Inclusive Lutheranism (Hermann Sasse)
The Deconfessionalization of Lutheranism? (Hermann Sasse)
Concerning the Unity of the Lutheran Church (Hermann Sasse)
Altar-fellowship, Church-fellowship and Ecclesiastical Federation (Hermann Sasse)
Consensus, Article VII and the Unity of the Church (Adam G. Cooper)
Prayer Fellowship (Seth Erlandsson)
Fellowship in Its Necessary Context of the Doctrine of the Church (the “Overseas Committee”)
Theses on Church Fellowship (August L. Graebner)
The Leprosy of Unionism (Theodore Graebner)
Church Fellowship: A Historical Perspective (Kent A. Heimbigner)
Romans 16:17-18: Exegetical and Historical Reflections (Kent A. Heimbigner)
Fundamental and Non-fundamental Doctrines - and Church Fellowship (Paul E. Kretzmann)
The “Marks” of the Church (Kurt E. Marquart)
Church Fellowship (Kurt E. Marquart)
Ecumenism: Facts and Illusions (Kurt E. Marquart)
How Can We Give a Witness for Jesus Christ...While Avoiding...Unionism and Syncretism? (Daniel Preus)
Walther and Bohlmann on Open Questions (John C. Wohlrabe)
The Distinction Between Orthodox and Heterodox Churches (Francis A. O. Pieper)
The True Visible Church of God on Earth (Francis A. O. Pieper)
The Evangelical Lutheran Church the True Visible Church of God on Earth (25 Theses) (C. F. W. Walther)
Why the Church and the Lodge Disagree: A Lutheran Perspective (Walter P. Snyder)
Why Should a Lutheran Not Join any Sectarian Church? (V. W. Richter)

In order that we may obtain this faith, the ministry of teaching the Gospel and administering
the sacraments was instituted. For through the Word and the sacraments, as through
instruments, the Holy Spirit is given, and the Holy Spirit produces faith, where and when it
pleases God, in those who hear the Gospel. (AC V:1-2, Tappert)

Evangelism and Missions
Language, Culture, and National Identity in the Mission and Ministry of the Church
Wisdom from the Fathers Pertaining to the Establishment of Lutheran Home Mission Congregations
Might Cicero Be Saved?
Letter to Bernhard, a Converted Jew (Martin Luther)
Will Strictness Kill Our Church? (Theodore Graebner)
Deathly Evangelism (Ronald F. Marshall)
What’s Missing in Mission? (Gordon Gerhardy)

The Christian and Society
Some Comments on Citizenship and Leadership in a “Free Republic” (Polycarp Leyser)
Question of the Relation Between Church and State (C. H. Little)
Doctrine of the Lord’s Day (C. H. Little)
Question of Prohibition (C. H. Little)
Christianity & Culture: God’s Double Sovereignty (Gene Edward Veith)
The Doctrine of Vocation: How God Hides (Gene Edward Veith)
The Six Commandments of the Boomers (Todd Wilken)
Luther on Vocatio: Ordinary Life for Ordinary Saints (Steven A. Hein)
Reason and The Two Kingdoms: An Essay in Luther’s Thought (Steven A. Hein)
Luther on Family Life (Steven E. Ozment [not a Lutheran])
Luther: Sex, Marriage and Motherhood (Lyndal Roper [not a Lutheran])
A New Sexual Revolution: The Case for Modesty (Gilbert Meilaender)
The Sanctification of Human Life (Alvin J. Schmidt)
The Hausvater Project

It is taught among us that all government
in the world and all established rule and laws
were instituted and ordained by God for the
sake of good order... (AC XVI:1, Tappert)

Death and Resurrection
The Restoration and Resurrection of the Dead, Part I (David Hollaz)
The Restoration and Resurrection of the Dead, Part II (David Hollaz)
The Condition of the Soul Between Death and the Resurrection (John Theodore Mueller)
Doctrine of the Millennium and the Conversion of Israel (C. H. Little)
The Doctrine of Hades (C. H. Little)

Apologetics
The Incarnate Christ: The Apologetic Thrust of Lutheran Theology (John Warwick Montgomery)
The Jury Returns: A Juridical Defense of Christianity (John Warwick Montgomery)
Science, Theology, and the Miraculous (John Warwick Montgomery)
Jesus: Legend or Lord? (Paul L. Maier)
History, Archaeology and Jesus (Paul L. Maier)
The Times and Places of Jesus (Paul L. Maier)
Apologetic Lectures on the Moral Truths of Christianity (Christoph Ernst Luthardt)

...in the Lord’s Supper the body and blood of Christ are truly
and substantially present and are truly offered with those
things that are seen, bread and wine. (Ap X:4, Tappert)

Multi-Topical and Miscellaneous
The Conservative Reformation and Its Theology (Charles Porterfield Krauth)
Charles Porterfield Krauth, Vol. I (Adolph Spaeth)
Charles Porterfield Krauth: The American Chemnitz [PDF]
Documentary History of the General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church (Solomon Erb Ochsenford)
First Free Lutheran Diet in America - 1877
The Doctrinal Theology of the Evangelical Lutheran Church (Heinrich F. E. Schmid)
The Doctrinal Theology of the Evangelical Lutheran Church (Heinrich F. E. Schmid) [second site]
The Doctrinal Theology of the Evangelical Lutheran Church (Heinrich F. E. Schmid) [third site]
Christian Dogmatics: A Compendium of the Doctrines of Christianity (Hans Martensen)
Outlines of Doctrinal Theology (August L. Graebner)
Christian Theology (Milton Valentine)
A Summary of the Christian Faith (Henry Eyster Jacobs)
Biblical Dogmatics (A. G. Voigt)
An Introduction to Dogmatic Theology (Revere F. Weidner)
The Lutheran Manual (Junius B. Remensnyder)
The Lutheran Pastor (George Henry Gerberding)
The Lutheran Pastor (Select Quotations) (George Henry Gerberding)
The Way of Salvation in the Lutheran Church (George Henry Gerberding)
Why Should a Lutheran Not Join Any Sectarian Church? (V. W. Richter)
My Church and Others (John Theodore Mueller)
The Lutheran Movement of the Sixteenth Century (David H. Bauslin)
Four Hundred Years: Commemorative Essays on the Reformation of Dr. Martin Luther
Quotable Quotes (on the Scriptures, the Confessions, and the Lutheran Church)
The “Lutheran” Solas in the Fathers of the Church
The Biblical and Confessional Worldview (2003)
The Confessional and Biblical Worldview (2004)
The Confessional and Biblical Worldview (2005)
John 6:35-58 in the Lutheran Confessions
Evangelical Catholics and Confessional Evangelicals (Gene Edward Veith)
Postmodern Times: Facing a World of New Challenges & Opportunities (Gene Edward Veith)
Luther Lite & Reformation Schmooze (Craig A. Parton)
How Martin Luther Dealt With the Devil
Faith and “Theosis” (Michael C. D. McDaniel)
Luther’s Mystical Theology (Eric J. Swensson)
Luther on Using Crucifixes
On Crucifixes (Paul T. McCain)
On My Heart Imprint Thine Image: A Closer Look at the Crucifix and the Question of Graven images (Marcus T. Zill)
A Little Loehe for Lutherans
A Few Good Quotes
Is Your Church Catholic Enough? (James P. Winsor)
Cross (Crucifix) (Adolph Spaeth)
Martin Luther on the Practice of Making the Sign of the Cross
Luther on the Sign of the Cross
The Sign of the Cross (Paul H. D. Lang)
Conversions from Catholicism to Lutheranism
Disputed Doctrines (C. H. Little)
Question of Tithing (C. H. Little)
We All Believe In One True God (Wallace H. McLaughlin)
The Popular Commentary of the Bible (Paul E. Kretzmann)
Commentary on the Old Testament (C. F. Keil & F. Delitzsch)
Genesis (H. C. Leupold)
Zechariah (H. C. Leupold)
Commentary on the Psalms, Vol. 1 (E. W. Hengstenberg) [PDF]
Commentary on the Psalms, Vol. 2 (E. W. Hengstenberg) [PDF]
Commentary on the Psalms, Vol. 3 (E. W. Hengstenberg) [PDF]
Life with God: A Survey of Biblical Doctrine (Laurence L. White)
Romans: The Chief Part of the New Testament and the Very Purest Gospel (Laurence L. White)
The Book of Revelation: Scripture’s Crescendo and Culmination (Laurence L. White)
Art May Serve as a Means of Grace (Nathan Wagenknecht)
The Roots and Fruits of Pietism (Ronald R. Feuerhahn)
Facts About Lutheranism (Richard P. Bucher)
We Are Beggars: Luther’s Legacy to Christianity (Hermann Sasse)
Controversies in the Church (Hermann Sasse)
Lies (Hermann Sasse)
Luther on Lies
The Biblical Doctrine of Prayer (Raymond Surburg)
Regular Prayer and the Ministry (Kurt E. Marquart)
Luther on Prayers for the Dead
Prayer: The Voice of Faith (John T. Pless)
The Question of Procedure in Theological Controversies (Kurt E. Marquart)
Compendium of Positive Theology (Johann Wilhelm Baier; edited by C. F. W. Walther)
First Presidential Address - 1848 (C. F. W. Walther)
Concerning the Name “Lutheran” (C. F. W. Walther)
Doctrinal Aberrations (C. F. W. Walther)
C. F. W. Walther: Select Sermons
Sermons of C. F. W. Walther
C. F. W. Walther: Select Sermons
Focal Points of the Evangelical Lutheran Confession and Identity (Kurt E. Marquart)
9.5 Theses for a Continuing Reformation (Harold L. Senkbeil)
What Does It Mean to be Lutheran Today? (Laurence L. White)
The Calvinist Streak in the American People (John Schaller)
On the Concept of Theology (John Schaller)
Lutheranism and World History (Werner Elert)
St. Augustine was a Lutheran (Darel E. Paul)
Was Luther Augustinian?
Cardinal Principles of Lutheranism and “Evangelical Theology” (Karl L. Barth)
Luther and Healing (Bengt R. Hoffman)
The Charismatic Movement in the Lutheran Church (Julius V. Kimpel)
A Formula of Agreement: A Theological Assessment (Concordia Theological Seminary)
Luther Against the Devil (Heiko A. Oberman)
Buls’ Notes on the Web
Underlying Causes of the Deterioration and Breakdown of the Old Norwegian Synod (Christian Anderson)
The Doctrinal Position of the Norwegian Synod (Christian Anderson)
A Brief History of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod, Part 1 (John L. Hoh)
A Brief History of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod, Part 2 (John L. Hoh)
The Lutheran Movement in England During the Reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI - 1908 edition (Henry Eyster Jacobs)
The Lutheran Movement in England During the Reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI - 1890 edition (Henry Eyster Jacobs)
American Lutheranism, Volume I (F. Bente)
American Lutheranism, Volume II (F. Bente)
American Lutheranism, Volume II (F. Bente) [second site]
American Lutheranism, Volume II (F. Bente) [third site]
The Lutherans in America (Edmund Jacob Wolf)
Institutes of Ecclesiastical History (J. L. Mosheim)
Churches and Sects of Christendom (Juergen Ludwig Neve)
Popular Symbolics (Theodore Engelder)
The Distinctive Doctrines of the Different Christian Confessions, in the Light of the Word of God (Karl Graul)
The Orthodox Church and the Lutherans: An Ecumenical Correspondence (Morten Møbjerg)
A Brief Statement of the Doctrinal Position of the Missouri Synod
A Brief Statement of the Doctrinal Position of the Missouri Synod [second site]
A Brief Statement of the Doctrinal Position of the Missouri Synod [third site]

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

The Text of Holy Scripture
Bible Gateway
New Testament Gateway - Bible Translations and Editions
New Testament Gateway - Greek New Testament Gateway
Bible translation
SearchGodsWord
Crosswalk - Bible Study Tools
Bible Dictionary

...one holy Christian church will be and remain forever. This is the assembly of
all believers among whom the Gospel is preached in its purity and the holy
sacraments are administered according to the Gospel. (AC VII:1, Tappert)

Recommended Lutheran Sites
Lutheran Heritage Web Site
Martin Chemnitz
Lutheran-Orthodox Dialogue in the Sixteenth Century
Saint Ambrose of Milan
Saint Epiphanius of Salamis
Concordia Society
Christian (Lutheran) Cyclopedia - 1975 edition
Concordia Cyclopedia - 1927 edition
Concordia Cyclopedia (1927) [second site]
Lutheran Cyclopedia - 1899 edition
The Wittenberg Trail
Lutheran Theology on the Web
Studium Excitare
Mark Nispel: Nebraska Latinist
A Selection of Kurt Marquart’s Writings
Confessional Lutherans - Sermons and Papers
Texas Confessional Lutherans - Papers and Hymns of Interest to Confessional Lutherans
Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary Online Essay File
WELS Commission on Worship - Articles About Worship
LCA Commission on Worship - Biblical & Theological Resources
LCA Commission on Theology and Inter-Church Relations -Doctrinal Statements and Theological Opinions
LCMS Commission on Theology and Church Relations
LCMS Commission on Worship - Articles / Archives
Issues, Etc. - Resource Guide: Articles and Links
Issues, Etc. - Article Archive
Concordia Theological Seminary Media
Walther Library, Pro Bono Ecclesiae: Theological Resources for the Church (Concordia Theological Seminary)
Lutheran Electronic Archive
Symposia: Exegetical and Confessional Theology (Concordia Theological Seminary)
For the Life of the World (Concordia Theological Seminary)
Concordia Theology (Concordia Seminary)
Lutheranism (Suite 101)
Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church - Pastor’s Page (Saginaw, Michigan)
Faith Lutheran Church - Papers (Carthage, Missouri)
Mark DeGarmeaux’s Home Page
Theology and Church History Papers - Articles by Erling Teigen
John T. Pless (Concordia Theological Seminary)
Charles St-Onge - Essays
Trinity Lutheran Church - What Do Lutherans Believe? (Cincinnati, Ohio)
Our Redeemer Lutheran Church (Lexington, Kentucky)
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Our Redeemer (Peekskill, New York)
Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church - Major Study Topics (Hillsboro, Texas)
Immanuel Lutheran Church - Resources (Santa Fe, New Mexico)
Messiah Lutheran Church (Kenosha, Wisconsin)
Mount Zion Lutheran Church (Greenfield, Wisconsin)
Gethsemane Lutheran Church - Articles (Marion, Ohio)
St. Andrew’s Lutheran Church and Campus Center - Tracts and Writings (Laramie, Wyoming)
Holy Cross Lutheran Church (Saint Charles, Missouri)
Grace, Kincardine/Southampton Lutheran Churches - Great Papers and Sermons (Ontario)
Soli Deo Gloria
Xrysostom
Consensus
Reformation Today
Reformation Today (Old Site)
Concord
Bill Ritchie’s Christian Homepage
Resources for Lutherans
Theology of the Cross: The Faith Luther Confessed
Lutheran Theology: An Online Journal
CrossTies Lutheran Ministry Resources
Acta et Scripta

Lutheran Sites with Useful Information
Semper Reformanda
Logia: A Journal of Lutheran Theology
The Lutheran Source
Gottesdienst: A Quarterly Journal of the Evangelical-Lutheran Liturgy
Lutheran Quarterly - Past Articles of Special Interest
Evangelical Lutheran Synod - What We Believe
Bethany Lutheran Theological Seminary - Essays
Lutheran Synod Quarterly Online (Bethany Lutheran Theological Seminary)
Learn About Jesus (ELS Board for Evangelism)
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod - Our Beliefs
Theologia: The Student Journal of Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary
Australian Evangelical Lutheran Church
Confessional Lutherans Australia - Papers and Studies
Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod - Belief and Practice
Concordia Seminary Publications
Concordia Theological Quarterly (Concordia Theological Seminary)
Lutheran Church–Canada - Theological Documents
Lutheran Theological Review (Lutheran Church–Canada)
Ad Fontes: Conference for Orthodox Lutheran Theology and Worship
Church of the Lutheran Confession - Online Library
Doctrinal Position of the Concordia Lutheran Conference
Concordia Lutheran Conference - Convention Proceedings and Essays
Concordia Lutheran Conference - The Concordia Lutheran Online
Publications of the Lutheran Ministerium and Synod–USA
Evangelical Lutheran Conference and Ministerium - Theological and Biblical Papers
American Association of Lutheran Churches - What We Believe: Theology and History
Augsburg Lutheran District
Table Talk - Articles (Lutheran Student Fellowship, Australia)
LutheranTheology.com
Evangelical Lutheran Synod Doctrine Statements
Christ For Us - Papers by Pastor Rolf Preus
Grace Lutheran Church (Madison, Wisconsin)
Trinity Lutheran Church (Fisherville, Ontario)
Our Savior Lutheran Church and School (Houston, Texas)
Faith Lutheran Church and School - Collection of Confessional Papers (Plano & Wylie, Texas)
Resurrection Lutheran Church (Corpus Christi, Texas)
St. Paul Lutheran Church - Pastor’s Scribblings (Hamel, Illinois)
Messiah Lutheran Church - Pastor’s Papers (Seattle, Washington)
Holy Trinity (New Rochelle, New York)
Hope Lutheran Church - Pastor’s Page (Aurora, Colorado)
Truth in Context
Scholia
EBibleCommentary
Confess And Teach For Unity
CAT41 TableTalk Files and Resources
Lutheran Wiki
T. Mayes’ Home Page
Alliance of Evangelical Lutheran Lay People
Lutheran Resources
The Sacrament Forum
Luther Land
Lutheran (Myron Berg)
Pastor Arnold Ruddat’s Library
“The Cross Is Our Theology”
Orthodox Lutheran Web Page
LutheranOrthodoxy.Net - Theological Papers
Reclaiming Walther in the LCMS - Articles
Walking with Martin Luther
Lutherans Informed about Lodges
Sound Witness
Cross+Wise: Lutheran by God’s Grace
Crossings - Thursday Theology
Mr. Pipe Organ’s Web Site
Lex Orandi
Lutheran-Hymnal.Com
Answers In Action - Theology Articles
2realms.com: The Christian, The Church and The World from a Lutheran Perspective
Gnesio: An Online Magazine of Lutheran Theology - Essays
Scriptoriet: Morten Møbjergs Hjemmeside

We therefore declare our adherence to the first, unaltered Augsburg Confession...as our symbol in this
epoch, not because this confession was prepared by our theologians but because it is taken from the
Word of God and solidly and well grounded therein. (FC SD R&N:5, Tappert)

Non-Lutheran Sites with Useful Information
Evangelical Library Online
Google Book Search: “Lutheran”
Project Canterbury - Lutheran Resources
Beggars All: Reformation and Apologetics: Martin Luther
New Testament Research Ministries
κατα Π: Bible Resource Pages
Christianity - Lutheran Web Site Links
Witnesses Against Antichrist Through the Ages
The Seminary of the Anglican Way: Additional Texts
Creeds of Christendom
Creeds, Confessions, and Catechisms
Early Christian Writings
Early Church Fathers
Saint Pachomius Library
Patristics In English Project
Ecole Initiative
New Advent
Christian Classics Ethereal Library
Early Church Fathers - Additional Texts
Internet Christian Library
Biblical Stuff / Faith Stuff / Patristic Stuff / Other Stuff
Study Light
The Bible Resources Center
Philologos Religious Online Books
Pitts Theological Library Digital Imaging Archive
Religion Online
Internet Theology Resources
IntraText Digital Library
The Online Books Page: Christianity
Bible Research
Resource Pages for Biblical Studies
Reformation Ink
The Reformation Guide
Christian Resources - Articles
New Testament Research Ministries
Modern Reformation - Topical Archive
Credenda Agenda - Articles
Interns and Seminary Students - Providence Reformed Presbyterian Church (Saint Louis, Missouri)
Believe
The Contenders
Present Truth Magazine
Touchstone: A Journal of Mere Christianity - Archives
A Puritan’s Mind
A 21st Century Puritanism - Library
Theological Studies
Leadership University
Global Journal of Classical Theology (Trinity Theological Seminary)
Online Theological Resources
Internet Guide to Religion (Wabash Center)
Quodlibet: Online Journal of Christian Theology and Philosophy
Theology Website
Directory of Theology (Monergism.com)
Guide to Resources in Theology
Fides Quaerens Internetum
GodRules.NET - Bible study tools
The Book of Common Prayer - 1549 (with strong Lutheran influences)
The Liturgy Archive
The Cyber Hymnal

Predominantly Non-English Lutheran Sites
Українське Лютеранське Богослов’я
Lutheran Legacy
Una Página de Teología Luterana en Español
Instituto Hispano de Teología - Literatura
Congregacion “Cristo Nuestra Justicia” (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Recursos Luteranos
Biblicum
Logos-mappen
For Bibel og Bekjennelse
Lutherska Konkordiekyrkan
Martin Luther på nettet Skandinavisk Lutherprojekt
Martin Luther og hans skrifter
Evangelisch-Lutherische Freikirche - Referate
Selbständige Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche - Theologie
Luther in Braunschweig
Die evangelischen Kirchenordnungen des 16. Jahrhunderts (Emil Sehling)
Kirchliche Glaubenslehre, I (Friedrich Adolph Philippi)
Kirchliche Glaubenslehre, III (Friedrich Adolph Philippi)
Kirchliche Glaubenslehre, VI (Friedrich Adolph Philippi)
Doctrina Archiv
Bibel- und bekenntnistreuer evangelisch-lutherischer Glaube und Lehre
Informationen zu lutherischer Theologie und Kirche
Tunnustusfoorumi
Suomen Tunnustuksellinen Luterilainen Kirkko
Concordia Ry
Meie Kirik: Teoloogia
Bibliothèque en-ligne d’oeuvres de théologie luthériennes
Сайт душпастиря Павла
Библиотека «Славянское лютеранство»
Свет Жизни - Библиотека
Свет Жизни - Библиотека
Евангелическо-лютеранский приход Орджоникидзевского района города Екатеринбурга

...we receive forgiveness of sin and become righteous before God
by grace, for Christ’s sake, through faith, when we believe that
Christ suffered for us and that for his sake our sin is forgiven and
righteousness and eternal life are given to us. (AC IV:1-2, Tappert)

Predominantly Non-English Non-Lutheran Sites with Useful Information
Google Book Search: “Lutherische”
Glaubensstimme - Predigten und Andachten der Glaubensvaeter
Kirche & Theologie im Web
Библия и христианство
Святоотеческое наследие
JesusChrist.ru - Христианская библиотека
Библиотека Якова Кротова
Католическая информационная служба «Agnuz» - Библиотека
Философия библиотека средневековья
Путем Отцев
Bibliotheca Religiosa IntraText

We do not call ourselves Lutherans, but are so styled by our enemies, and we permit it as a token of our consent with the pure teaching of the Word which Luther set forth. We suffer ourselves to bear his name, not as of one who has invented a new faith, but of one who has restored the old, and purified the Church. -- Johann Gerhard

The Evangelical Catholic is a glorious Church; it holds and conforms itself chiefly to the Sacraments. The Evangelical Reformed is a glorious Church; it holds and conforms itself chiefly to the Word of God. More glorious than both is the Evangelical Lutheran Church; it holds and conforms itself both to the Sacraments and the Word of God. Into this Lutheran Church both the others are developing, even without the intentional aid of men. But the way of the ungodly shall perish, says David (Ps. 1:6). -- Claus Harms

We do not claim that our Confessors were infallible. We do not say they could not fail. We only claim that they did not fail. -- Charles Porterfield Krauth

...nothing is so necessary as to call upon God
incessantly and drum into his ears our prayer
that he may give, preserve, and increase in
us faith and obedience to the Ten
Commandments... (LC III:2, Tappert)

Email:

Web Sites Maintained by David Jay Webber

The duty of obedience to the State is enjoined in Scripture (Matt. 22:21; Rom. 13:1-5; 1 Pet. 2:13). Insurrection and rebellion are forbidden (Rom. 13:2). Changes in the forms and methods of government are to be obtained by legal means. Resistance is justifiable only when those in authority persist in violating the basic principles of the State, and when resistance therefore is really a defense of the State against those who are seeking to revolutionize it from above.

(Joseph Stump, The Christian Life [New York: The Macmillan Company, 1930], p. 267; emphasis added)

Since the Church possesses an external organization, it is in temporal matters subject to the laws of the State; but in spiritual matters, in those which concern the sphere of the Church as such, the State has nothing to say. On the other hand the Church has no right to interfere in the affairs of the State. She has no right as an organization to take any part in politics. In all her activities she must aim at spiritual results and use spiritual means. Her one fundamental duty is that of administering the Means of Grace. She has no call officially as a Church, therefore, to enter into any purely humanitarian enterprises, to organize plans for social uplift, to take sides in industrial disputes, to line up with a particular political party, or to push political measures of any kind through legislatures or congress. Her members as individual Christian citizens may and often should do many of these things. They have political rights and duties which they are to assert and fulfill in a Christian and conscientious manner. But the Church as a Church should confine herself to that work which belongs to her; namely, the work of preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ and of enunciating the principles of love and righteousness which should guide men in their social and political relations.

(Joseph Stump, The Christian Life, p. 246; emphasis added)