Possible Silvery Salamander
Ambystoma sp.
Livingston County, NY
It has always interested scientists that the Jefferson
Salamanders and Blue-spotted Salamanders hybridized. In New York
there are four types that are named depending on the number of chromosomes
and which species contributed those chromosomes. Scientists use a
shorthand to describe the chromosome compliment-- J stands for one compliment
of Jefferson Salamander and L is one compliment of Blue-Spotted.
JJ salamanders are pure Jefferson Salamanders and LL are pure Blue-spots.
JJL was formerly known as the Silvery Salamander, Ambystoma platineum,
and JLL were Tremblay's Salamander, Ambystoma tremblayi. These
species consist entirely of females and depend on the males of the parent
species to stimulate egg production, although currently it is believed
no genetic information is passed on by the male. The spermatophores
of Jefferson and Blue-spots are of different sizes and this acts as a barrier
to the other species. Silvery Salamanders then, breed only with Jefferson
males, while Tremblay's breed with Blue-spots.
Jefferson Salamanders and Blue-spotted
Salamanders hybrids may be found wherever Blue-spots or Jeffersons
exist. It is interesting to know that the original hybridization event
that occurred to create these species probably involved another species,
the Small-mouthed Salamander, Ambystoma texanum, which is not found
in New York. The texanum genes have been lost in these particular
lineages, although there still are Jefferson x Blue-spot x Small-mouth
Hybrids in other areas of the Great Lakes region.
Identifying the hybrids is nearly impossible in
the field and can not be confirmed without chromosomal analysis.
Since there are no males, the only problems to be encountered will be with
females. Jefferson Salamanders are fully twice the size of adult
Blue-spotted Salamanders so this will help. To ID a possible hybrid
look for a salamander that is similar to the parent species it's size most
closely resembles, but with the diagnostic features of the other parent
species. For example the Possible Silvery pictured is nearly the
size of a Jefferson and has distinct blue patches that are large in size
as opposed to the small flecking somtimes seen in true Jefferson's.
Still I will never identify an individual as a hybrid based on morphology
alone. Chromosome counts are really the best way.
Possible Silvery Salamander
Ambystoma sp.
Livingston County, NY