PSY-150/Withrow
August 24,
2003
PART A
1.
By the
1920’s a new definition of psychology had gained favor. Psychology
said to be the science of…behavior.
2. A cognitive psychologist is most likely to
be interested in…memory and
perception.
3.
Operational
definitions are…definitions which tell us how to collect data.
4. What does it mean to say a definition is
valid?
It measures what you think it
measures, as shown by using a different
method to measure the same variable.
5. What does it mean to say a definition is
reliable?
You can measure the same thing again
and get the same results.
6.
Replication…is
essentially repetition of research in all its details.
7.
In
observational research there are no…experimental manipulations.
8.
What
is the independent variable in experimental research?
The variable which is manipulated in an experiment.
9.
A
single-blind design should be sufficient to eliminate placebo effects as
a
confounded variable.
10. How are experimenter effects
eliminated?
1.
The
hypothesis in this experiment is the theory that soldiers with a higher IQ are
more effective in combat. The scores of these soldiers on the Armed Forces
Entry Test in the independent variable while the rating of their combat skill
is the dependent variable. The group of soldiers identified as SIMFORCE is the
control in this experiment. Explanation and permission from Dr. Panglos’s
friend who supervises the SIMFORCE group at the training center to receive the
soldier’s combat skill ratings would be considered ethical.
2. Dr. Morgan’s hypothesis is based on finding
out if Freud’s idea of repression
is true. Repression is the theory that
the mind can unconsciously and
automatically hide unpleasant memories.
In this case, the participants who felt
nauseous will be less likely to remember
Dr. Morgan’s key phrase after the
roller coaster ride. The independent
variable is the drugged lemonade and the
dependent variable is the participant’s
memory of the phrase on the sign at
the station. The paid participants are
the control in this experiment. Dr.
Morgan explained the experiment to the
participants followed by a consent
form for each to sign to remain ethical.
3. The
hypothesis of Dr. Loomis’s experiment is that people with depression fare
better with therapy, be it psycho-therapy or cognitive behavioral
therapy, than
those with depression who receive no
therapy. The independent variable
be therapy versus the waiting list and no
therapy while the dependent variable
in the second psychological test
administered to all participants after six to
twelve weeks. All three groups would be
considered the control. Each
participant was informed of the
experiment and consented to be included in
the study to ensure it was ethical.
4.
In
this experiment the hypothesis is to discover which ElectriCAT toy design is
most favored by the average three-year-old. The independent
variable is the timetable in which the children play with each toy including
the additional sock toy. The dependent variable is the chosen toy that was most
favored by the control group, three-year-old children. In order to keep this
experiment ethical, the parents of the children were informed of the process,
gave their consent, and accompanied the children throughout the product
testing. The role of Fritz is to support the idea that the children will be
more attracted to the ElectriCAT, which emits heat, rather that the stuffed
sock.
5.
The
hypothesis in this experiment is that Lysine will reduce the symptoms of
“conversion disorder” in female patients. The independent
variable is the
administration of Lysine while the dependent variable is the
symptoms remaining of “conversion disorder” after testing. The female patients
being treated are the control. The experimenter and his assistant switch
between groups in order to ensure there is no experiment bias, which keeps the
experiment ethical.
