Does Islam allow for individuals to make their own verdicts and fight the enemy, or should the government do that? What does Islam say about that?
In Islam, those who have authority such as the government or the Caliph and his Religious Ministers of the Islamic State are responsible for making the verdicts and decisions. Normal people don't have the authority to give verdicts.
Allah Almighty Said in the Noble Quran:
"O ye who believe! Obey God, and obey the Apostle, and those charged with authority among you. If ye differ in anything among yourselves, refer it to God and His Apostle, if ye do believe in God and the Last Day: That is best, and most suitable for final determination. (The Noble Quran, 4:59)"
"When there comes to them some matter touching (Public) safety or fear, they divulge it. If they had only referred it to the Apostle, or to those charged with authority among them, the proper investigators would have Tested it from them (direct). Were it not for the Grace and Mercy of God unto you, all but a few of you would have fallen into the clutches of Satan. (The Noble Quran, 4:83)"
And even the Caliph or the Leader, in general, he should not make the verdict all by himself without consulting with the top Religious Ministers around him:
"It is part of the Mercy of God that thou dost deal gently with them Wert thou severe or harsh-hearted, they would have broken away from about thee: so pass over (Their faults), and ask for (God's) forgiveness for them; and consult them in affairs (of moment). Then, when thou hast Taken a decision put thy trust in God. For God loves those who put their trust (in Him). (The Noble Quran, 3:159)"
"Those who hearken to their Lord, and establish regular Prayer; who (conduct) their affairs by mutual Consultation; who spend out of what We bestow on them for Sustenance; (The Noble Quran, 42:38)"
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