Magic is the supposed use of unnatural or superhuman power by a person to try to control human actions or natural events. Magic often seems to achieve results, but the results actually have other causes. For example, a person might cast a magic spell to make an enemy sick. The enemy may learn about the spell, become frightened, and actually feel ill.
People throughout the world have practiced magic from the dawn of history. But beginning in the 1600's, science has provided an increasingly greater understanding of the true causes of natural events. This increased scientific knowledge has reduced people's dependence on magic. But many people in nonindustrial societies still believe in magic. Even in industrial societies, many people still trust in such forms of magic as astrology and fortunetelling.
The word magic also refers to entertainment in which the performer does tricks of so-called magic. In such entertainment, neither the magician nor the audience believes that the performer has supernatural powers.
The practice of magic includes special words, actions, and objects. Most magic involves a person called a magician, who claims to have supernatural powers.
To work most magic, the magician sings or speaks special words in a certain order. These words are called incantations or spells. Some spells form prayers to demons, spirits, or other supernatural forces. Many societies believe the magic will not work unless the magician recites the spells perfectly. Other magic words have no meaning, though they supposedly possess power when spoken by a magician.
Magic actions accompany the words spoken in performing much magic. Many of these movements act out the desired effect of the magic. For example, a magician trying to make rain fall may sprinkle water on the ground. The magician's combined words and actions form a ceremony called a rite or ritual.
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