| 1 IA |
2 IIA |
3 IIIB |
4 IVB |
5 VB |
6 VIB |
7 VIIB |
8 | 9 VIIIB |
10 | 11 IB |
12 IIB |
13 IIIA |
14 IVA |
15 VA |
16 VIA |
17 VIIA |
18 VIII |
| H |
Periodic Table |
H | He | ||||||||||||||
| Li | Be | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | ||||||||||
| Na | Mg | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar | ||||||||||
| K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| Cs | Ba | La | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| Fr | Ra | Ac | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | |||||||||
| Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | Exit Chart | |||
| Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | ||||
| Hafnium | |
|
Atomic Number 72 |
Electron Configuration [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d2 |
|
Atomic Mass 178.49 |
Discovered in 1923. |
|
Normal Melting Point 2230oC |
Used in submarine nuclear reactor control rods. |
|
Normal Boiling Point 4602oC |
Most difficult separation is between zirconium and hafnium. |
