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I put this list together as a student, so you will see some things in here that are quite simple. You will also see some words with *s/l* beside them. These are sound-alikes. I put them in the list, the way it sounded to me, then in the right column I entered the word the way it should be, or entered a possible alternative. There are prefixes, suffixes, drugs, abbreviations,etc. Some words have definitions, some do not. Please let me know if you run across any errors and I will correct them.
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| Word or Root | Definition |
| C | celsius, centigrade |
| c | with |
| C deficile | = C. difficile *a stool test* *clostridium difficile* |
| C&S | culture & sensitivity |
| C&S bleed *s/l* | CNS bleed |
| C. defocele *s/l* | C. difficile, C. diff. - spell out Clostridium difficile |
| c/o | complains of |
| C2 area of the cheek | C2 dermatone - located in the cheek area *see also V2 area* |
| C5-C6 | designated areas of the spinal column |
| CA | slang for carcinoma *spell out carcinoma - don't use CA* |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
| CABG | heart bypass surgery |
| cachectic | |
| CAD | corony artery disease |
| cal TB protocol *s/l* | CalGB protocol |
| calamint | medicinal herb |
| calcaneal spur | |
| calcaneo- | pertaining to the heel bone |
| calcifications | |
| calcified granuloma | |
| calcitonin | hormone that lowers blood calcium |
| calcium | mineral in bone |
| calcium channel blockers | agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions in heart mucsle cells causing a slowing of the heart rate, lessening the demand for oxygen and nutrients, and relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or treat angina pectoris and hypertension |
| calculus | stone |
| Caldwell-Luc procedure | procedure for chronic sinusitis |
| Calendula flower | herbal medicine |
| caliber | small airway caliber |
| caliceal | pertaining to a renal calyx |
| cal-meg | calcium-magnesium |
| calvaria*n* | re: skull |
| calyces | a systems of ducts carrying urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis *calyx = cup of a flower* |
| calyx | cup of a flower |
| camphenoids *s/l* | Correct spelling cannabinoids - cannabinoids on board = positive for maijuana use |
| CAMPATH Therapy | CAMPATH-1, CAMPATH-1M |
| Camptosar | an antoneoplastic |
| canal of Schlemm | duct in anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream |
| canalization | opening of a new passage through an obstructed vessel |
| cancellous | spongy |
| cancer staging | T=tumor 2=Size B=Represents stage 2 N=extent of spread to lymph nodes *N0=none* M=extent of spread to other parts of the body *M0 = none* |
| Candida | STD |
| Candida albicans | |
| candidiasis | |
| cannabinoids | cannabinoids on board = positive for marijuana use |
| canthozar *s/l* | camptosar *cancer therapy* |
| cap | capsule |
| capa-lit-chain | kappa light chain *if word processor allow greek Kappa use it - otherwise type it out kappa |
| capi | head |
| capillaries | tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules |
| capillary | the smallest blood vessel |
| capillary refill | or delayed capillary refill |
| capitis | head |
| capn- | carbon dioxide |
| capno- | smoke |
| Capoten | drug |
| Capoten | drug |
| caprylic acid | herbal medicine |
| capsicum *cayenne* | herbal medicine |
| capsule | small container |
| Carafate | |
| caraway seed | herbal medicine |
| carb- | carbon dioxide |
| carbamazepine *Tegretol* | drug for convulsions, seizures, epilepsy |
| carbon dioxide CO2 | Carbon Dioxide *CO2* - a colorless, odorless, nonflammable gas produced in respiration, and given off by the tissues to the blood, to be exhaled by the lungs in exchange for oxygen. |
| carboxyhemoglobin | |
| carbuncle | skin infection consisting of clusters of foruncles |
| carcin | cancer |
| carcinoembryonic antigen | *CEA* an antigen present in very small quantity in adult tissue; greater than normal amounts are suggestive of cancer |
| carcinoma | cancer tumor |
| carcinoma in situ *CIS* of the cervix | malignant cell cganges of the cervix that are localized without any spread to adjacent structures |
| cardi- | heart |
| cardiac | pertaining to heart |
| cardiac catheterization | intruduction of a flexible, narrow tube *catheter* through a vein or artery into the heart to withdraw samples of blood, measure pressures within the heart chambers or vessels, and inject contrast media for fluoriscopic radiography and cine film *motion picture* imaging of the chambers of the heart and coronary arteries--very often includes interventional procedures such as angioplasty, atherectomy, etc. |
| cardiac chambers | |
| cardiac enzymes | also, serial cardiac enzymes |
| cardiac output | the amount of blood pumped by one ventricle in one minute |
| cardiac output *CO* | measurement of the amount of blood ejected from either ventricle of the heart per minute |
| cardiac silhouette | |
| cardiac sphincter | opening from esophagus to stomach |
| cardiac tamponade | compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac as results from pericarditis of or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart *tampon=plug* |
| cardiomegaly | enlargement of the heart |
| cardiomyopathy | a general term for disease of the heart muscle *e.g. alcoholic cardiomyopathy-damage to the heart caused by excessive consumption of alcohol* |
| cardioplegic | solution used to stop the heart |
| cardiopulmonary | |
| Cardiopulmonary *C/P* | Cardiopulmonary *C/P* - pertaining to both heart and lungs |
| cardiopulmonary bypass | also known as heart-lung bypass |
| cardiopulmonary bypass | method used to divert blood away from the heart and lungs temporarily while surgery on the heart and vessels is performed |
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR | a method of artificial respiration and closed chest massage used to restore breathing and cardiac output after cardiac arrest |
| cardiorrhexis | rupture of the heart |
| cardiotonic | a drug that increases the force of myocardial contractions in the heart commonly used to treat congestive heart failure |
| cardioversion | restoration of heart to normal rythym |
| Cardizem | drug |
| carina | |
| carina | |
| carinii pneumonia | |
| carotene | yellowish pigment in the skin of Asian people |
| carotid arteries | carries blood to the brain |
| carotid bruits | |
| carotid endarterectomy | |
| carotid pulsations | |
| carotid TIA | ischemia of the anterior circulation of the brain |
| carotids | |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | compression of median nerve at the wrist |
| carpitates *s/l* | crepitus |
| Carrisyn *acemannan* | Carrisyn *acemannan* — antiviral, immunomodulator |
| cartilage | rubbery connective tissue |
| cascara sagrada bark | herbal medicine |
| caseous necrosis | degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance |
| cast, handshake | |
| cast, hanging | |
| cast, long arm | |
| cast, short arm | |
| casting | use of a stiff, solid dressing around a limb or other body part to immobilize it during healing |
| cataplexy | attacks of paralysis |
| cataract | opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision |
| catecholamines | hormones derived from amino acids; epinephrine is one |
| catgut | absorbable monofiament suture of organic material |
| cath | usually catherization, sometimes catheter |
| cathartic | drug that causes movement of the bowels; also called a laxative |
| cath'd | catheterized |
| catnip | herbal medicine |
| cauda equina | spinal nerves at the level of L2 |
| caudal | signifying a position toward the distal *away from the farthest point* end of the body |
| caudal edge | |
| causo | burning |
| cautery | electric current |
| cavarean *s/l* | calvarian - incorrect for of calvaria but accepted *re:skull* |
| cavernous ICA | cavernous internal carotid artery |
| Cawthorne type exercises | for treatment of disequilibrium & episodic vertigo |
| cayenne powder | herbal medicine |
| CBC | Complete Blood Count |
| CC | Chief Complaint |
| cc | cubic centimeter *1 cc = 1ml* |
| CCU | coronary *cardiac* care unit |
| CD4 | |
| CDC | Center for Disease Control |
| CDC | Center for Disease Control |
| CEA | carcinoembryonic antigen |
| Ceclor | |
| ceco- | cecum |
| cecum | a cavity open at one end *as the blind end of a duct*; especially : the blind pouch at the beginning of the large intestine into which the ileum opens from one side and which is continuous with the colon |
| cele- | pouching or hernia |
| Celebrex *celecoxib* | drug for ostearthritis and rheumatoid arthritis |
| celecoxib *Celebrex* | drug for ostearthritis and rheumatoid arthritis |
| celery lead and seed | herbal medicine |
| Celexa | SSRI *selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor* for depression; investigational for alzheimers |
| celi- | abdomen |
| celiac | abdomen |
| celiac | pertaining to the abdomen |
| celio | abdomen or belly |
| cell | cells |
| cell proliferation | |
| Cenestin *synthetic conjugated estrogens* | drug for menopause |
| centaury | herbal medicine |
| centesis | puncture or aspiration |
| centigray | ex: 5020 centigray radiotherapy (abbreviated as cGy) |
| centr | center |
| central nervous system *CNS* | |
| central venous pressure | |
| cephal | head |
| cephalalgia | pain in the head *headache* |
| cephalic | head |
| cephalodynia | pain in the head *headache* |
| cephalopelvic disproportion CPD | condition preventing normal delivery through the birth canal-either the baby's head is too large or the birth canal is too small |
| ceptor *s/l* | Septra |
| cerclage | |
| cerebell- | cerebellum *little brain* |
| cerebellum | portion of the brain located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum, reponsible for control and coordination of skeletal muscles |
| cerebral aneurysm | dilation of a blood vessel in the brain |
| cerebral angiogram | |
| cerebral arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries of the brain |
| cerebral atherosclerosis | condition of lipid buildup within the blood vessels of the brain |
| cerebral cortex | outer layer of the cerebrum consisting of gray matter, responsible for higher mental functions |
| cerebral embolism | presence of a floating clot in a blood vessel in the brain |
| cerebral palsy *CP* | condition of motor disfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth characterized by partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination |
| cerebral revascularization | anastomosis of the extracranial artery to intracranial artery to bypass structure |
| cerebral thrombosis | presence of a stationary clot in a blood vessel in the brain |
| cerebro- | brain |
| cerebrospinal fluid | plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord |
| cerebrovascular accident *CVA* | damage to the brained caused by cerebrovascular disease such as occlusion of a blood vessel by an embolus or thrombus or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm |
| cerebrovascular disease | disorder resulting from achange within one or more blood vessels in the brain |
| cerebrum | largest protion of the brain; it is divided into right and left halves known as cerebral hemispheres that are connected by a bridge of nerve fibers called corpus callosum; kobes of the cerebrum are named after the skull bones they underlie |
| ceruloplasmin | |
| cerumen | a waxy substance secreted by glands located throughout the external canal |
| cerumen impaction | excessive buildup of wax in the ear |
| cerumin- | wax |
| cervic- | neck or cervix |
| cervical | neck |
| cervical carcinoma of the cervix | malignant cell cganges of the cervix that are localized without any spread to adjacent structures |
| cervical conization | removal of a cone-shaped portion of the cervix |
| cervical dysplasia | potentially cancerous abnormality of epithelial tissue of the cervix, graded according to the extent of abnormal cell formation, CIN I mild dysplasia, CIN II moderate dysplasia, CIN III severe dysplasia |
| cervical intraepithelial neoplasia *CIN* | potentially cancerous abnormality of epithelial tissue of the cervix, graded according to the extent of abnormal cell formation, CIN I mild dysplasia, CIN II moderate dysplasia, CIN III severe dysplasia |
| cervical lymphadenopathy | |
| cervical motion tenderness | |
| cervical neoplasia | abnormal development of cervical tissue cells |
| cervical os | opening of the cervix to the uterus |
| cervical syrinx | |
| cervicitis | inflammation of the cervix |
| cervix | neck of the uterus |
| cesarean section *C-section* | surgical delivery of a baby by making an incision through the abdomen and into the uterus |
| CF | Cystic Fibrosis *CF* - a disease of the mucus and sweat glands which causes disorders of the lungs and pancreas. |
| CFF | Cystic Fibrosis Foundation |
| cGy | centigray (re: radiotherapy) |
| chalazion | chronic nodular inflammation of the meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct |
| chamomile | herbal medicine-for dry skin, psoriasis, eczema, and wound healing; if taken by mouth good for inflammations of the mouth and throat *chamomile tea* |
| chamomile flower | herbal medicine |
| chancre | ulcer |
| chancroid *STD* | infection caused by a bacillus that erupts as a papule on the skin of the penis, urethra, or anus and ulcerates and spreads, causing enlarged lymph nodes in the groin |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease | disease of muscular atrophy |
| Charlevoix-Saguenay Syndrome | |
| cheeks | lateral walls of the mouth |
| cheil- | lip |
| cheilitis | inflammation and cracking of the lips |
| cheiloplasty | repair of the lip |
| Chem-20 | lab test *glucose, creatinine, , etc.; a panel of test = Chem-XX, XX = number of tests to be performed |
| chemes | allergen |
| chemical peel | a technique for restoring wrinkled, scarred, or blemished skin by application of an acid solution to peel away the top layers of the skin |
| chemosurgery | a technique for restoring wrinkled, scarred, or blemished skin by application of an acid solution to peel away the top layers of the skin |
| chemotherapy | treatment of malignancies, infections, and other disease with chemical agents that detroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce |
| cherry angioma | a small, round, bright red blood vessel tumor on the skin, often on the trunk of the elderly |
| chervil | herbal medicine |
| chest position *s/l* | knee-chest position |
| chest tomograms | chest tomograms |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea |
| chezo | defecate |
| CHF | Congestive Heart Failure *CHF* - failure of the heart to maintain adequate blood circulation |
| Chiari I malformation | re: head/skull/brain |
| chickweed | herbal medicine |
| CHIP | Cooperative for Health Insurance Purchasing |
| chir | hand |
| chlamydia *STD* | most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in North America, often ocurrs with no symptoms and is treated only after it is spread |
| Chlamydia slide test | |
| chocolate mayduca *s/l* | caput medusae |
| chocolate ovarian cyst | caused by endometriosis named for the thick brown fluid it contains |
| chol- | bile |
| cholangiogram | x-ray of the bile ducts; often performed during surgery |
| cholangitis | inflammation of the bile duct |
| cholecystectomy | also check colocystectomy |
| cholecystectomy | excision of the gallbladder |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gall bladder |
| cholecystogram | taken after oral ingestion of iodine |
| cholecystokinin | hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release |
| choledoch- | common bile duct |
| choledocholithotomy | incision of the common bile duct for extraction of gallstones |
| cholelithiasis | presence of stones in the gall bladder or bile ducts |
| cholelithotomy | an incison for removal of gallstones |
| cholelithotripsy | crushing of gallstones |
| cholesteatoma | collection of cholesterol within a sac in the middle ear |
| chondr- | cartilage *gristle* |
| chondroblasts | |
| chondromalacia | degeneration of cartilage of kneecap |
| chondrometaplasial | ex: grade III chondrometaplasial changes |
| chordee | an abnormal curvature of the penis |
| chorio- | outermost membrane surrounding the developing embryo |
| choriocarcinoma | malignant tumor of pregnant uterus |
| chorion | membrane surrounding embryo but part of placenta |
| chorionic villus sampling *CVS* | sampling of placental tissue for microscopic and chemical examination to detect fetal abnormalities |
| choroid | vascu;ar layer between the sclera that proveds nourishment to outer portions of the retina |
| chroma | color |
| chromic suture | |
| chronic | refers to a disease or disorder that shows little change in symptoms from day to day, but implies a continuing disease process with progressive deterioration. |
| chronic bronchitis | chronic bronchitis |
| chronic bronchitis | to be considered chronic, there must be a productive cough on most days for at least three months of the year, for at least two consecutive years. |
| Chronic diffuse fibrosing | |
| Chronic diffuse sclerosing | |
| Chronic interstitial pneumonia | |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease *COPD* | permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema |
| Chvostek sign | spasm of the facial mucles precipitated by tapping the facial nerve in the region of the parotid gland |
| chyle | |
| chymo | juice |
| chymopapain | pain medicine for slipped disks |
| chymopapain | allergen |
| cicatrix | mark left by healed wound *scar* |
| cicatrix of the skin | mark left by the healing of a wound showing the replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue *scar* |
| cilia | hair-like processes from the surface of the epithelial cells, such as those of the bronchi, that provide upward movement of mucous cell secretions |
| ciliary body | ring of muscle behind th peripheral iris that controls the power if the lens |
| ciliary muscle | smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body which contracts to assist in near vision capability |
| Cillium *psyllium* | drug for constipation |
| cilostazol *Pletal* | drug for intermittent claudication |
| CIN | cervical intraepithelial neoplasia *CIN* |
| CIN-3 | or CIN-III - cervical intraepithelial neoplasia |
| cine film | motion picture |
| cipro *s/l* | short for ciprofloxacin |
| circle of Willis | re: head/brain |
| circum- | around |
| circumcision | removal of the foreskin *prepuce* exposing the glans penis |
| circumlocutory | |
| circumvascular | pertaining to around a vessel |
| cirrho | yellow |
| cirrhosis | chronic disease characterized by degeneration of the liver tissue most often caused by alcoholism or nutrition deficiency |
| CIS | carcinoma in situ |
| Cladosporium | allergen |
| claft palate repair | mouth, plastic surgery procedure |
| clasetomide eye drops *s/l* | sulfacetamide eye drops - opthalmic solution |
| classtiotoma *s/l* | cholesteatoma |
| claudication | cramp in a leg muscle |
| claudication | to limp; pain in a limb *especially the calf* while walking that subsides after rest; it is caused by inadequate blood supply |
| claviculo- | pertaining to the collar bone |
| CLD | Chronic Lung Disease |
| CLD | Chronic Lung Disease *CLD* - broad term covering both obstructive conditions, characterized by a slow rate of forced expiration, and restrictive disease characterized by a reduction in total lung capacity. |
| clinton catheter *s/l* | Quinton catheter |
| clitoris | female erectile tissue situated in the anterior portion of the vulva |
| clonidine | can be used for patients attempting to withdraw from nicotine |
| cloricks *s/l* | caloric testing |
| closed reduction external fixation of a fracture | manipulation of a fracture to regain alignment from the outside along with application of an external devise to protect and hold the fracture while healing |
| closed reduction percutaneous fixation of a fracture | manipulation of a fracture from the outside to regain alignment followed by inserton of a pin to maintain position |
| clotrimazole | antifungal - over the counter *Lotrimin, Mycelex* |
| cloudy secretions with malador | |
| clubbing | Clubbing - refers to a condition where tips of the fingers enlarge and the nails become curved from front to back as a result of chronic low blood-oxygen levels. Error! Hyperlink reference not valid. |
| clubfoot | a condition know as talipes equinovarus |
| clue | clue cells |
| clue,trig,hyfee | clue cells, Trichomonas, hyphae |
| cluster headache | recurrent episodes of severe unilateral orbital pain |
| cm | centimeter *2.5 cm = 1 inch* |
| CMV | cytomegalovirus |
| CMV retinitis | CMV=cytomegalovirous retinitis |
| CMV titer | |
| CNS bleed | |
| CO | Carbon Monoxide |
| CO | cardiac output |
| CO2 | Carbon Dioxide |
| CO2 | CO2 |
| coagula | clot |
| coarctation of the aorta | narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta resultng in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body |
| coarse breath sounds | |
| coarse rales | |
| coccidioidomycosis | also know as San Joaquin valley fever, a granulomatous lung disease |
| coccyx | tailbone |
| cochlea | coiled tubular structure of the inner ear that contains the organ of Corti |
| coffee-grounds emesis | dark brown vomit |
| coin lesion | |
| coitus | intercourse |
| col- | colon |
| col- | colon |
| coonic inertial- | |
| colchicine | drug for biliary cirrhosis |
| Colchicine | drug s/l coltrazine, colterzine |
| COLD | Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease *Same as COPD* |
| cold caloric test | name of the test used to determine vestibukar function by pouring ice water into the ear canal |
| cold Freone effect | cold Freon effect: patient stops inhaling when the cold propellant spray hits the back of the mouth |
| colic | acute abdominal pain |
| colicystectomy *s/l* | cholecystectomy |
| colitis | inflammation of the colon *large intestine* |
| collagen | protein substance found in skin and connective tissue |
| collagen disease | collagen=insoluable fibrous protein that occurs in vertebrates as connective tissue and in bones |
| collapsed lung | |
| collateral | |
| collateral laxity | |
| collateral ligament | |
| collateral stability | |
| colloid goiter | |
| colo- | colon |
| colocystectomy | also check cholecystectomy |
| colombo root | herbal medicine |
| colon- | colon |
| colon | portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum identified by size and shape |
| colon, ascending | portion that extends upward from the cecum |
| colon, descending | portion that extends down from the transverse colon |
| colon, sigmoid | portion resembling an "s" that terminates at the rectum |
| colon, transverse | portion that extends across the ascending colon |
| colonectomy | correct is colectomy |
| colonoscopy | examination of the colon using a flexible colonscope |
| colostomy | creation of an opening in the colon through the abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus; performed to treat a diseased colon such as that which occurs with ulcerative colitis, cancer, obstruction |
| colostrum | a fluid produced by the mammary glands for the first few days after childbirth |
| colp- | vagina *sheath* |
| colporrhaphy | suture to repir the vagina |
| colposcopy | examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope |
| coltsfoot herb & flower | herbal medicine |
| coma | a deep sleep; a general term referring to levels of decreased consciousness with varying responsiveness; a common method of assessment is the Glasgow coma scale |
| comato- | deep sleep |
| comedo | a blackhead caused by a plug of sebum *oil* within the opening of a hair follicle |
| comedone | blackhead |
| comfrey | herbal medicine |
| communicating hydrocephalus | cause of dementia |
| communis | extensor digitorum communis |
| compassionate use | |
| Compazine | drug |
| compensated | compensated |
| computed axial tomography *CAT* | a radiologic procedure using a macine called a scanner to examine a body site by taking a series of cross-sectional images one slice at a time in a full circle rotation; a computer then calculates and converts the rates of absorption and density of the x-rays into a picture on the screen |
| conchae | bony structures projecting from lateral walls of nose |
| concomintent *s/l* | concomitant - ocurring or existing with something else |
| concussion | temporary brain dysfunction after injury |
| conductive hearing loss | hearing impairment caused by interference with sound or vibratory energy in the external canal, middle ear, or ossicles |
| condure calcinosis *s/l* | chondrocalcinosis |
| condyle | knuckle-like process at end of bone near joint |
| condylemalacia *s/l* | check chondromalacia *as patellar chondromalacia* |
| condyloma | warty growth on skin or mucous membranes; usually near the anus or genital area |
| condyloma acuminata | plural |
| condyloma acuminatum | virus transmitted by direct sexual contact that causes an infection that can occur on the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals; on the skin the lesions appear as cauliflower like warts, and on mucous membranes they have a flat appearance * also known as venereal or genital warts* |
| condylomata acuminatum | virus transmitted by direct sexual contact that causes an infection that can occur on the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals; on the skin the lesions appear as cauliflower like warts, and on mucous membranes they have a flat appearance * also known as venereal or genital warts* |
| cones | cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light |
| confluent | running together such as the sinuses of the dura mater, or some skin eruptions |
| confusion | confusion |
| congenital | pertaining to being born with |
| congenital anomalies | birth defects *irregularities* |
| congenital anomalies | malformation of the heart present at birth |
| congenital anomaly of the heart | malfunction of the heart present at birth |
| congenital megacolon | dilation and hypertrophy of the colon *known as Hirshsprung disease* |
| congestive heart failure *CHF* | failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body; resulting in a "bottleneck" of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body |
| conio- | dust |
| conjunctiv- | conjunctiva *to join together* |
| conjunctiva | joining together; mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball |
| conjunctiva | pl=conjunctivae - thin mucous membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white of the eyeball *sclera* |
| conjunctivitis | pink eye; inflammation of the conjunctiva |
| Conn syndrome | primary aldosternoism |
| Conners' rating scale | rating scales of problem behavoir |
| consolidative changes | |
| constriction | compression of a part |
| constriction | narrowing |
| contact lens | a small plastic curved disc with optical correction that fits over the cornea; used to correct refractive errors |
| continuous positive airway pressure | CPAP |
| con-together or with | |
| contra- | against or opposed |
| contraception | opposed to becoming pregnant |
| contraceptive implant | insertion of a contraceptive capsule under the skin providing a continual infusion over an extended time |
| contraceptive injection | injection of the hormone into the body such as Depo-Provera |
| contraceptive, barrier | products that provide a physical barrier that prevents conceptions *condoms, diaphragms* |
| contrecoup injury | contusion of the brain's impact on the skull oposite the blow |
| convulsion | to pull together; type of siezure that causes a series of sudden, involuntary contractions of muscles |
| Cooley | type of angled clamp |
| Coombs test | |
| COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease *COPD* - COPD is diagnosed when chronic bronchitis and emphysema present themselves as one disease, most often in smokers and former smokers. The definition of COPD recognized by both the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society is a disorder characterized by reduced maximal expiratory flow and slow forced emptying of the lungs; features that do not change markedly over several months. This airflow limitation is only minimally reversible with bronchodilators. |
| copper wiring | narrowing of the arterioles in the retina |
| cor | muscular organ that maintains circulation |
| COR | on physical examination subheading for HEART |
| cor | heart |
| core antigen | |
| cor pulmonale | a condition of enlargement of the right ventricle as a result of chronic disease within the lungs that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs |
| coracoacromial | coracoacromial ligament |
| cordotomy | interruption of lateral spinothalamic tract of spinal cord |
| cords | no cords were palpable |
| corina | |
| corium | dense, fibrous connective tissue layer of the skin |
| corne- | cornea |
| cornea | transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract light to focus a visual image |
| corneae | plural of cornea |
| cornsilk | herbal medicine |
| coron- | circle or crown |
| corona *s/l* | corina |
| coronal | pertaining to the corona - a crownlike projection or encircling structure; such as a process extending from a bone |
| coronary angiogram | x-tray of the blood vessels of the heart |
| coronary artery bypass graft *CABG* | grafting of a portion of a blood vessel retrieved from another part of the body *such as a length of saphenous vein from leg or mammary artery from the chest wall* to bypass an occluded coronary artery restoring circulation to myocardial tissue |
| coronary artery disease *CAD* | a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium-most often caused by atherosclerosis |
| coronary circulation | circulation of blood through the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue |
| corpor | body |
| corpus | main portion of the uterus |
| corpus callosum | where sperm is produced |
| corpus luteum | part of the follicle that remains behind in the ovary after the ovum ruptures |
| correlative | |
| Cortef | drug |
| cortex | outer part of the kidney *cortex = bark* |
| cortex stimulaton *s/l* | photix stimulation |
| Corti, organ of | organ located in the cochlea which contains receptors *hair cells* that receive vibrations and generate nerve impulses for hearing |
| cortico- | outer region |
| corticosteriod | Corticosteroid - natural or synthetic hormones like those produced by the body's adrenal glands which are used to reduce swelling and inflammation |
| cortisol | hormone excreted by adrenal cortex that increases blood sugar |
| coryza | common cold |
| coryza | head cold; inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes |
| cosamine *s/l* | glucosamine |
| cost- | rib |
| costal margin | |
| costectomy | surgical excision of a rib |
| costo- | pertaining to the ribs |
| costochondritis | |
| costophrenic angles | |
| cot, finger | |
| COTA | Children's Organ Transplantation Association |
| cotal *s/l* | caudal |
| cotelloreecunaculum *s/l* | patellar retinaculum |
| cotton-wool spots | |
| Cotugno's disease | pain radiating from the back to the buttock and into the lower extremity, Pain anywhere olong the sciatic nerve. |
| cotyledons | subdivisions on the uterine surface of the placenta |
| Coumadin | for skin ulcerations |
| Counsel *s/l* | Konsyl *drug for diarrhea/cramps* |
| Cowper's glands | pair of glands below the prostate with ducts opening into the urethra -adds a viscid *sticky* fluid to semen *another name for bulbourethral glands* |
| CP | cerebral palsy |
| CP | chest pain |
| CPAP | Continuous Positive Airway Pressure *CPAP* - a machine which administers a continuous flow of air under pressure via a nose mask to keep airways open and unobstructed. |
| CPD | cephalopelvic disproportion |
| CPK | CPK: creatine phosphokinase |
| CPK-MB | lab test |
| CPK-MB via electrophoresis | lab test |
| CPT | Chest Physical Therapy |
| CPT | Chest Physiotherapy |
| crackles | popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli-occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis |
| crackling rales | |
| crack-o-cromial *s/l* | coracoacromial |
| cradle vision *s/l* | transfacial excision |
| cramp bark | herbal medicine |
| crani- | skull |
| cranial nerves | 12 pairs of nerves arising from the brain |
| cranial nerves 2 to 12 *s/l* | cranial nerves II to XII |
| cranial structure | thin membrane that connects skull bones |
| craniectomy | excision of part of the skull to approach the brain |
| crani-eye pneumonia *s/l* | carinii pneumonia |
| cranio- | pertaining to the skull |
| craniopharyngioma | childhood tumor that develops from the nasopharynx, consisting of cystic masses filled with cloudy fluid that may compress the pituitary gland |
| craniotome | a drill |
| craniotomy | incision into the skull to approach the brain |
| creatinine | waste product of muscle metabolism filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine |
| creatinine clearance testing | measurements of the level of creatinine in the blood and a 24-hour urine specimine to determine the rate that creatinine is "cleared" from the blood by the kidneys |
| creatinine serum test | test to determine the level of creatinine in the blood, useful in assessing kidney function |
| creatinine urine test | test to determine the level of creatinine in the urine |
| crème de menthe | sweet green colorless mint-flavored liquor |
| crepitant rales | |
| crepitants | crackling sound in the chest |
| crepitation | grating sound made by movement of some joints or broken bones |
| crepitus | crepitus |
| crepitus | grating sound made by movement of some joints or broken bones |
| crepitus | sensation felt on placing the hand over the seat of a fracture when bone ends are moved OR noise or vibration produced by rubbing bone or irregular cartilage surfaces together |
| creps *s/l* | maybe collapse |
| cretinism | condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children, that results in lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature |
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease | signs and symptoms are much like those of mad cow disease |
| cricoid cartilage | cricoid cartilage |
| cricopharyngeal | cricopharyngeal |
| cricothyroid | cricothyroid |
| crin | secrete |
| crin- | to secrete |
| critacaid *s/l*- | Critic-Aide; skin paste |
| crino- | secrete |
| CRL | crown rump length |
| cromocytome *s/l* | pheochromocytoma |
| croup | inflammation of the upper airways and swelling that creates a funnel-shaped elongation of the tissue causing a distinct "seal bark" cough - also called laryngotracheobronchitis |
| croup tent | |
| crouton (crouton chips) | small chips/hunks of bone |
| cruciate | a partial tear of the anterior cruciate |
| cruciate ligaments | two ligaments *anterior and posterior* that cross each other in the knee |
| crust | dried residue of serum *body fluid*, pus, or blood on the skin *impetigo* |
| cryo- | cold |
| cryoreaction | |
| cryosurgery | method of destroying tissue by freezing - used for treating dysplasia and early cancers |
| crypt | to hide |
| crypto- | hidden |
| cryptococcal | |
| cryptococcal meningitis | |
| Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis | Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis |
| crystalloid | |
| crytorchidism | undescended testicle; failure of a testis to descend into scrotal sac during fetal development; it most often remains lodged in the abdomen or inguinal canal requiring surgical repair |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| CSF | CSF protein, CSF glucose |
| CT | computed tomography |
| CT interval *s/l* | Q-T interval |
| CT/CAT | Computed {axial} Tomography |
| CTA or CT | Computerized Axial Tomography Scan *CAT or CT* - An x-ray procedure that uses a computer to produce a series of three dimensional images of the body and it's organs. [Illus] |
| ctyomegalovirus retinitis | |
| cu mm | cubic millimeter |
| cubeb berry | herbal medicine |
| cuff, vaginal | |
| cul-de-sac | cavity that lies between the rectum and posterior wall of the uterus, also known as pouch of Douglas |
| culdocentesis | aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac *cavity that lies between the rectum and posterior wall of the uterus*-used for diagnosing ectopic pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory disease |
| culture and sensitivity | *C&S* technique of isolating and growing colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine which drugs might be effective in combatting the infection it caused |
| cupis | point |
| curcumin | herbal medicine |
| curettage | to clean; scraping a cound using a spoon-like cutting instrument called a currette - this technique used in debridement |
| curlex *s/l* | see Kerlix |
| curriculum vitae | physician's resume |
| Cushing syndrome | condition resulting from hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex; often caused by a tumor and characterized by obesity; hyperglycemia, and weakness |
| cuspids | canine teeth |
| cutane | skin |
| cutee *s/l* | acuity |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
| CVA Masses | cerebrovascular accident or costovertebral angle |
| CVS | chorionic villus sampling |
| CXR | Chest X-Ray *CXR* - images of the chest cavity can be used to assess lung disease. Dense structures of the body, like bone, will appear white; air will be indicated by areas in black *'air' is a void which can't be photographed*. All other structures will appear as shades of gray. |
| cyan | blue |
| cyanosis | Cyanosis - dusky bluish or purplish tinge to the skin caused by insufficient blood oxygen |
| cyanotic | pertaining to blue |
| cycle-per-second | |
| Cyclogyl | |
| cyclovir *s/l* | ganciclovir - AIDS investigative drug |
| cyst- | bladder or sac |
| cyst adenoma *s/l* | cystadenoma *one word* |
| cystic fibrosis | cystic fibrosis |
| cystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder |
| cystocele | also rectocele, enterocele |
| cystocele | pouching of the bladder into the vagina |
| cystoscopy | examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope |
| cystourethrocele | |
| cystourethrogram | the act of voiding with contrast medium in the urine - performed while in the standing position |
| cystourethrogram,voiding *urinating* | *VCU or VCUG* x-ray of the bladder and urethra taken during urination |
| cysts, daughter | daughter is correct *cyst growing from another cyst* |
| cyt | cell |
| cytokine | nonantibody proteins to generate immune response |
| cytology | study of cells |
| Cytomel | drug |
| Cytoxin chemotherapy |