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Legend

Transcription

Translation

Elongation Cycle

Translation

(occurs in the cytoplasm)

Free tRNA nucleotides in the cytoplasm
tRNA in the cytoplasm

Amino acids bond to acceptor ends of tRNA nucleotides
Amino acids bond to tRNA

Amino acids are carried to the ribosome by charged tRNA
tRNA carries amino acids to ribosome

The start codon of mRNA binds with the subunits of the ribosome, and a charged tRNA nucleotide brings the first amino acid
Start codon, first amino acid

The ribosome moves along the mRNA, adding amino acids to the protein chain (through the elongation cycle)
Ribosome moves along mRNA

The ribosome reaches the stop codon at the end of the mRNA
Stop codon reached

The ribosome falls off the mRNA
Ribosome falls off mRNA

The completed protein is ready for use
Completed protein

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