Rice is also considered as an important element of
human diet. This grassy shaped plant is produced mostly in the areas having of hot and moist
climate; yet it can be cultivated in semi-arid areas.
Many varieties of rice are cultivated in the world
and these require different climate and other conditions. Rice plant has the height from 3 feet
to 6 feet and the grains in a plant ranges from 30 of 100 and sometimes this number increases
to 400 grains.
PHYSICAL FACTORS:- For the growth of rice following Physical conditions are wanted.
TEMPERATURE:-At the time of
sowing rice the temperature should not be less than 70 degree F but at the time of cultivation
if it increases ranging from 80 degree F to 90 degree F then the rice cannot be cultivated there
but in the areas where the temperature remains less than 40 degree F rice cannot be cultivated
there. Intensive cold and most etc. are very harmful for its proper growth at the time of
cultivating the crop if the temperature is high i.e. 90 degree F or more even then the crop
may be sown but at the time of harvesting if the temperature is less i.e. 60 degree F to 70
degree F it is normal and proper.
RAINFALL:-At the time of
planting the rice crop, moderate king of climate is required. And the rain is insufficient
to the required ratio then the artificial irrigation is required. For the plantation of rice
crop, the areas having rain 40” is most suitable.
SOIL:-For the cultivation of
rice alluvial soil and especially the soil in which the amount of loam is present is considered
most suitable as in the loam pores are loss so the water does not absorb easily and water
remains standing in the field. This standing water is very useful for the growth of rice crop.
ECONOMIC FACTORS:-Economic factors
plays an important role in the better cultivation of rice. The following are the main economic
factors for the cultivation of rice:
- CHEAP LABOUR
- USE OF GOOD QUALITY SEEDS
- MEANS OF TRANSPORT
- ARRANGMENT OF PROPER MARKET
- NEAR NESS TO MARKETS AND PORTS
In our country, like wheat, rice is not cultivated in all parts of the country. 90% of the areas
under cultivation is in the province of Punjab and Sindh. In the province of Punjab, area under
rice cultivation is increasing whereas a is decrease in the area under rice cultivation in the
province of Sindh. There is no area to compete with rice cultivation than the district of
Gujranwala and Sialkot. Beside these other district such as Lahore, Narowl, Kasur, Sheikhpura,
Okara, Hafizabad are included in second number where Sargodha, Hafizabad, Jhang, Toba Tek Singh
possess secondry place in rice cultivation.
| YEAR |
AREA(000 HACTORS) |
| 1996-97 |
2251 |
| 1997-98 |
2317.7 |
| 1998-99 |
2423.6 |
| 1999-2000 |
2515 |
| Percent increase |
3.7% |
The following graph shows the production of rice in past years of Pakistan.
| PROVINCES OF PRODUCTION |
PERSCENT AGE PRODUCTION |
| Punjab |
54% |
| Sind |
44% |
| NWFP |
1.5% |
| Baluchistan |
0.5% |
The following pie graph shows the production of rice according to the provinces of Paksitan.
The following map shows the production of wheat in Pakistan per hactors. The map shows that Punjab produces almost 50% of wheat of Pakistan.
