Wheat is the grassy shaped plant and its height between 21/2 feet to 4 feet. When it is
cultivated and as it starts growth the branches and stolk sprouts in it and in every crop there
are made on which many grains appear, so the number of grains on a plant depends upon the
nourishment of the plant, better quality seed and better climatic conditions and fertility
of the soil.
Wheat is produced in almost all the regions of
Pakistan and it occupies an important position in the crops of moderate regions wheat,
compared to other crops in the beginning was cultivated thousands of years ago and in the
beginning it was cultivated in the Western Asian countries and in the Nile valley and valleys
of Sindh and Dajla.
PHYSICAL FACTORS:- For the growth of Wheat following Physical conditions are wanted.
TEMPERATURE:-Wheat production
require a special kind of temperature i.e at the time of plantation of the crop the temperature
between 50 to 60 degree F is most suitable however if the temperature reaches up to 70 degree F
at the time of plantation is harmful. At the time of harvesting the temperature between 80 degree
to 100 degree F or more is required, which helps in the ripening of the crop.
RAINFALL:-At the time of
planting the Wheat crop, moderate king of climate is required. And the rain is insufficient
to the required ratio then the artifical irrigation is required. For the plantation of wheat
crop, the areas having rain between 20" to 30" are most suitable.
SOIL:-For the cultivation of
wheat loamy soil having proper quantity of sand and clay especially alluvial soil is very
suitable. Beside this black mud i.e. Lava soil is very useful. After cutting the crop from the
fields it requires sufficient amount of Nitrogen. So the use of natural ingredients of
fertilizers causes more production.
ECONOMIC FACTORS:-Economic factors
plays an important role in the better cultivation of wheat. The following are the main economic
factors for the cultivation of wheat:
- CHEAP LABOUR
- USE OF GOOD QUALITY SEEDS
- MEANS OF TRANSPORT
- ARRANGMENT OF PROPER MARKET
- NEAR NESS TO MARKETS AND PORTS
KINDS OF WHEAT
The following are the main kinds of wheat.
- Drum wheat
- White wheat
- Hard red spring wheat
- Hard red winter wheat
- Soft red winter wheat
The cultivation areas of Pakistan can be divided into three types.
AREAS HAVING ABUNDANT PRODUCTION:- The
areas having abundant production of wheat are the canal-irrigated areas. These areas included
the north district of Sialkot and the South Rahim Yar Khan and in the East Kasur and in the West
district of Sargodha. In these areas arrangements have been made for canal irrigation. All these
areas have fertile land and flat areas having tube-well and many privileges are being provided
to the farmers of these areas so the production of wheat crop of these areas is in abundance.
THE AREAS HAVING MODERATE PRODUCTION:- These
areas are located in the surroundings of the areas producing wheat in abundance. These areas
are include in the Eastern areas of Punjab, District Bahawalpur and Bahawal Nagar. Whereas in
the other areas in the west are include the district of Gujrat Muzaffaragarh and Leiah district.
Beside these the areas of rainy regions of district Attock are also include in it. In these
areas the soil include in it. In these areas the soil is very fertile and the arrangement for
the irrigation system are made available to the farmers.
LESS PRODUCTIVE AREAS:- Less productive
areas of wheat production are included in all the four provinces of Pakistan. In these areas
neither the land is fertile and smooth. No arrangements of irrigation are possible, so the
farmers have to depend on rain. If it rains in time then it is possible to plant crop otherwise
they have to depend on other areas for food and their other requirements. The areas are
in Punjab province Rawalpindi Division. In NWFP Hanza and Dera Ismail Khan and most parts
of Baluchistan are included in these areas.
| YEAR |
AREA(000 HACTORS) |
| 1996-97 |
8109 |
| 1997-98 |
8354.6 |
| 1998-99 |
8230 |
| 1999-2000 |
8575 |
| Percent increase |
4.2% |
The following graph shows the production of wheat in Pakistan.
The following map shows the production of wheat in Pakistan per hactors. The map shows that Punjab produces almost 50% of wheat of Pakistan.
