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THE ANATOMY OF HUMAN DESTRUCTIVENESS by Erich Fromm
(review by Mitch Carter)
In The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness Erich Fromm does a comprehensive study of the cause of human destructiveness.
He does not study the violence and destruction associated with self defense, or even the senseless killings of an individual serial killer, because animals sometimes engage in such wanton violence. He concentrates on the violence that is associated only with humans like war, bombing of cities, and weapons of mass destruction. He distinguishes between violence out of fear and violence from cruelty, perversion, and hate.
He does a case study of Hitler and his top generals and advisor. His conclusions on each case study are different. For instance with Hitler he found Hitler’s problems were not a result of his upbringing or his family life. Erich Fromm diagnosed Hitler with a sickness he calls necrophilia; not the act of having sex with the dead, but a psychological form of the disease where the patient loves death.
In the end Erich Fromm determined the cause of human destructiveness comes from the thwarting of a powerful drive humans have to be understanding, caring, giving, loving. When this drive in us is prevented from exercising itself by the environment we live in, it manifests itself in hate, cruelty, and destruction.
He likens it to a balloon being blown up. When you pinch the balloon to stop the air from coming to the top, it shoots off in a side expansion from the pressure from the incoming air. When we are not able to express love, we express hate. If we aren’t able to be caring, we become cruel. If we don’t hold life as sacred, then we hold death as sacred. Instead of a love of life, we develop a love of death.
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THE ART OF LOVING by Erich Fromm
(Excerpts by Mitch Carter)
Mature love is union under the condition of preserving one’s integrity, one’s individuality. Love is an active power in man, a power which breaks through the walls which separate man from his fellow men which unites him with others; love makes him overcome the sense of isolation and separateness yet it permits him to be himself, to retain his integrity.
Envy, jealousy, ambition, any kind of greed are passions; love is an action, the practice of a human power, which can be practiced only in freedom and never as a result of a compulsion. Love is an activity not a passive affect. In the most general way, the active character of love can be described by stating that love is primarily giving, not receiving.
What is giving? For the productive character giving is the highest expression of potency. In the very act of giving, I experience my strength, my wealth, my power. This experience of heightened vitality and potency fills me with joy. I experience myself as overflowing, spending, alive, hence as joyous.
In the sphere of material things giving means being rich. Not he who has much is rich, but he who gives much. Poverty beyond a certain point may make it impossible to give, and it is so degrading not only because of the suffering it causes directly, but because of the fact that it deprives the poor of the joy of giving.
The most important sphere of giving lies in the specifically human realm. What does one person give to another? He gives of himself…he gives him of that which is most alive in him; he gives him of his joy, of his interest, of his understanding. of his knowledge, of his humor, of his sadness. In thus giving of his life he enriches the other person, he enhances the other person’s sense of aliveness by enhancing his own sense of aliveness.
In giving he cannot help bringing something to life in the other person, and this which is brought to life reflects back to him; in truly giving he cannot help receiving that which is given back to him. Giving implies to make the other person a giver also and they both share in the joy of what they have brought to life.
The ability to love as an act of giving depends on the character development of the person. It presupposes the attainment of a predominately productive orientation, in this orientation the person has overcome dependency, narcissistic omnipotence, the wish to exploit others, or to hoard, and has acquired faith in his own human powers.
Beyond the elements of giving the active character of love becomes evident in the fact that it always implies certain basic elements, common to all forms of love. These are care, responsibility, respect and knowledge.
That love implies care is most evident in a mother’s love for her child. No assurance of her love would strike us as sincere if we saw her lacking in care for the infant, if she neglected to feed it, to bathe it, to give it physical comfort, and we are impressed by her love if we see her caring for the child. Love is the active concern for the life and growth of that which we love.
Care and concern imply another aspect of love; that of responsibility. Responsibility, in the true sense of the word, is an entirely voluntary act; it is my response to the needs, expressed or unexpressed, of another human being. To be “responsible” means to be able and ready to respond. The loving person responds.
Responsibility could easily deteriorate into domination and possessiveness, were it not for a third component of love, respect. Respect is not fear and awe; it denotes the ability to see a person as he is, to be aware of his unique individuality. Respect means that the other person should grow and unfold as he is. Respect thus implies the absence of exploitation.
To respect a person is not possible without knowing him; care and responsibility would be blind if they were not guided by knowledge. Knowledge would be empty if it were not motivated by concern. There are many layers of knowledge, the knowledge which is an aspect of love is one which does not stay at the periphery, but penetrates to the core. It is possible only when I can transcend the concern for myself and see the other person in his own terms.
The most fundamental kind of love, which underlies all types of love, is brotherly love. By this I mean the sense of responsibility, care, respect, knowledge of any other human being, the wish to further his life. Brotherly love is love for all human beings; it is characterized by its very lack of exclusiveness.
Brotherly love is based on the experience that we all are one. The difference in talents, intelligence, knowledge are negligible in comparison with the identity of the human core common to all men. In order to experience this identity it is necessary to penetrate from the periphery to the core. If I perceive in another person mainly the surface, I perceive mainly the differences, that which separates us. If I penetrate to the core, I perceive our identity, the fact of our brotherhood.
Love of the helpless one, love of the poor and the stranger, are the beginning of brotherly love. To love one’s flesh and blood is no achievement. Only in the love of those who do not serve a purpose, love begins to unfold.
Erotic love is the craving for complete fusion, for union with one person. It is by its very nature exclusive and not universal, it is also perhaps the most deceptive form of love there is.
Sexual desire aims at fusion—and is by no means only a physical appetite, the relief of a painful tension. But sexual desire can be stimulated by the anxiety of aloneness, by the wish to conquer or to be conquered, by vanity, by the wish to hurt and even destroy, as much as it can be stimulated by love.
Love can inspire the wish for sexual union; in this case the physical relationship is lacking in greediness, in a wish to conquer or be conqured, but is blended with tenderness. If the desire for sexual union is not stimulated by love, if erotic love is not also brotherly love, it never leads to union in more than an orgiastic, transitory sense.
Erotic love is exclusive, but it loves in the other person all of mankind, all that is alive. It is exclusive only in the sense that I can fuse myself fully and intensely with one person only.
Erotic love, if it is love, has one premise. That I love from the essence of my being—experience the other person in the essence of his or her being. In essence, all human beings are identical, we are all part of One; we are One.
One neglects to see an important factor in erotic love, that of will. To love someone is not just a strong feeling—it is a decision, it is a judgment, it is a promise. If love were only a feeling, there would be no basis for the promise to love each other forever.
Genuine love is not an “affect” in the sense of being affected by somebody, but an active striving for the growth and happiness of the loved person, rooted in one’s own capacity to love.
My own self must be as much an object of my love as another person. The affirmation of one’s own life, happiness, growth, freedom is rooted in one’s capacity to love. If an individual is able to love productively, he loves himself too; if he can love only others, he cannot love at all.
The selfish person is interested only in himself, wants everything for himself, he knows no pleasure in giving but only in taking. The world outside is looked at only from the standpoint of what he can get out of it; he lacks interest in the needs of others, and respect for their integrity. He see nothing but himself; he judges everyone, and everything, from its usefulness to him; he is basically unable to love.
These ideas on self-love cannot be summarized better than by quoting Meister Eckhart on this topic: “If you love yourself, you love everybody else as you love yourself. As long as you love another person less than you love yourself, you will not really succeed in loving yourself, but if you love all alike, including yourself, you will love them as one person and that person is both God and man. Thus he is a great and righteous person who, loving himself, loves all others equally.”
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A THOUSAND DAYS: John F. Kennedy in the White House by Arthur Schlesinger Jr
(review by Mitch Carter)
A Thousand Days documents the days John Kennedy was president. John Kennedy was president at a pivital moment in history. He was stopped politically, but his influence and accomplishments spiritually were monumental. He threw the weight of his presidency behind Bobby Kennedy, his attorney general, in supporting the civil rights movement. He gave Arthur Schlesinger full range to carry out his Latin American policy 'The Alliance for Progress'. (see Oppression)
President Kennedy stopped the Cold War from turning into a nuclear war by recognizing the Soviets have a sphere of influence in the world, as does the United States. He made agreements with Khrushchev to respect each other's sphere, and to start reducing nuclear testing with the goal of ending above ground nuclear testing, and the nuclear fallout that was affecting the atmosphere of the planet.
John Kennedy's most far reaching contribution, and least recognized, was stopping the U.S. military/industrial complex from nuking Russia and China by starting the Vietnam War. As Arthur Schlesinger points out, Kennedy came to the realization the military leaders were waiting for an excuse to nuke China and Russia, while they were still in the infancy stage of developing nuclear weapons.
Vietnam was going to be that excuse. Kennedy said, "If we are going to confront the Communists in the jungles of Southeast Asia, we are going to do it man to man so the American people can feel the cost of war, and not with nuclear weapons."
When the Vietnam War started to go wrong, due in large part to the corrupt dictator of South Vietnam placed in power by the Americans, Kennedy signed on to a plan by Ambassador Lodge to overthrow the South Vietnamese leader by a military coup. When the dictator was assassinated during the coup President Kennedy knew he had made a grave mistake.
Kennedy reassessed the war and came to the decision it had to end. He wrote a letter to the senior Senator from Massachusetts saying he was going to pull the troops out of Vietnam. Three weeks later President Kennedy was assassinated.
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CRITICAL PATH by Buckminster Fuller
(review by Mitch Carter)
Buckminster Fuller is the one who coined the phrase "Spaceship Earth". Bucky was an architect, a scientist, and a writer, more than that he was a man of foresight and vision, far ahead of his times.
Buckminster Fuller believed we have to begin employing only technology that sustains life, and stop employing technology that kills, like weaponry. He called it "livingry" and "killingry", and said, with our limited and finite resources we can’t afford to do both. We are going to have to begin to choose which technologies we want to employ; especially in Chemicals and Armaments.
Buckminster Fuller believed we have to change from a society depending on non-renewable resources like fossil fuels, to a society living entirely on renewable resources especially solar power. He says non renewable energy is piped in and sold to us, and solar powered energy will be free and accessible to all, and can’t be metered, or measured, or marketed.
Bucky believed if we find a solution to poverty the rest of the problems will solve themselves. He makes the arguement that we need to change heavy industry over to automation and let machines and robotics perform the labor. He says if we change the manufacturing, retail, and the service industry to automation the economy will run more efficiently, and generate more profits.
Automation means people lose their jobs to machines; they lose their wages thus their income. Obviously people need an income to be consumers of the goods and services produced to enable the economy to run.
Bucky proposes a plan to give people an income, using the money from increased industry profits worldwide (as a result of automation industry would no longer have to pay for labor) to pay for the plan.
The plan gives people all over the world a fellowship, much like a scholar gets to replace wages to live on. His plan calls for some things, especially food and groceries, to be free up to a certain allotment for each person. He believed transportation should be free to encourage people to travel and learn other cultures in the world.
As an architect Buckminster Fuller designed cities of the future (that could be actualized now), that would allow man to live in harmony with nature and still have all the modern conveniences. A civilization without the burning of fossil fuels.
As a scientist he invented houses shaped as geodesic domes, that are completely self sustaining including reconstituted rain water and solar power, that can be flown by a helicopter and dropped anywhere ready to live in. He talks about solar powered automobiles that float ten feet off the ground, and can go anywhere without the need for roads.
Technology is Bucky’s expertise. He says that mankind has always been plagued by scarcity; there haven’t been enough resources for everybody. We became the world of haves and have not’s.
Buckminster Fuller said if we were to employ the technology from all the advances science has given us, scarcity would no longer be a problem. He claims with the new technology we could produce more life sustaining goods and services with less of our given resources (maybe 5 or 10 times as much) if used creatively. (see (see Supply and Demand)
CRITICAL PATH by Buckminster Fuller
FIRE IN THE ASHES by Theodore H White
Fire in the ashes: Europe in mid-century / by Theodore H. White ; with an introd. by Ernest R. May (See Oppression)
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The ORIGIN OF CONSCIOUSNESS In The BREAKDOWN Of The BICAMERAL MIND by Julian Jaynes
(review by Mitch Carter)
In "The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind" Julian Jaynes says that consciousness did not originate with language and civilization as commonly thought. Consciousness came much later when, through language, we developed the ability to use metaphors.
Metaphors, where we hold something familiar in our mind, and use it to describe something abstract. This gave man the ability to develop an "imaginary space" in his mind for the analog "I". Man could now see (or imagine) himself walking along the shore.
Man developed the ability to learn lessons from the past and plan for the future. Jaynes claims this changed us from fearful, confused, and obedient followers (automatons) to individuals with a subjective conscious. Conscious man became aware of his self and consequently began to contrive for his self adavantage. He had no sense of morals or right and wrong.
Julian Jaynes believes man developed a subjective consciousness in the latter half of the second century B.C. Man’s consciousness was precipitated by a gigantic volcanic eruption offshore, which triggered a huge tsunami that wiped out civilization. The remnants of humanity converged in large numbers for protection from marauding tribes.
The first thing man did with his subjective conscious was to subject his fellow citizens to deceit, violence, and murder. People who had lived as neighbors now attacked, raped and murdered the vulnerable and took their belongings. Domination and slavery were inflicted on man, by his fellow man for self advantage.
Prior to man’s subjective consciousness civilization was peopled by bicameral man. That is men living as automatons taking orders from voices they believed were gods. Bicameral man didn't conceive of a self, and never acted for self advantage. Jaynes claims, with convincing evidence, the voices came from man’s right brain. The right brain is the center of man’s creativity, and the left brain is where language is formed. When civilization was demolished the voices ceased. When people were thrust into instability the voices the individuals heard could no longer agree, and the bicameral mind could no longer function.
Julian Jaynes argues with compelling logic the voices bicameral man heard were hallucinations. The hallucinations came from the lower half of the right brain (creativity). He says we still have the capacity to hallucinate, but we don’t generally use it. He said the history of conscious man has been of being lost, confused and on a quest to reconnect with the hallucinated gods, who he believed had abandoned him.
Julian Jaynes says man’s consciousness still alternates between his right brain (creativity) and his left brain (language). Man doesn’t remember in his left brain, what he was conscious of in his right brain. Mr. Jaynes says the left brain is like "a jealous master" that doesn't want to share power. He says the right brain communicates with feelings. Artists are able to create art, because they are somehow able to remember in their left brain a portion of what they were aware of in their right brain. (See Creativity)
Mr. Jaynes believes that the right brain went on learning and understanding the world from the input of information supplied to the brain through our senses and imagination. But the left brain, with its deceit, guile, and self gratification of petty desires, has built a network of rationalizations that block it from seeing reality. The reality the left brain sees is a reality contrived to self serving ends. Jaynes says man is still in transition from his bicameral state to his conscious state; we are still working toward some "new mentality".
THE NEW INDUSTRIAL STATE by John Kenneth Galbraith
(The James Madison Library in American Politics)
(review by Mitch Carter)
The New Industrial State shows how the free marketplace does not exist anymore, when it comes to the large multi-national corporations, who account for seventy percent of the modern world economy. The other thirty percent still operate on a market (supply and demand) economy, but not the big corporations. Because of the new high tech machinery in manufacturing being so expensive to buy and operate, corporations can no longer afford to depend on "the vagaries or whims of the marketplace or the dictates of an owner/operator."
Galbraith uses the example of Ford Motors introducing the Mustang to the market to illustrate his point in the book. To manufacture a new model in the car industry requires all the machinery to be set to certain specifications that can’t ever be changed. This machinery is so expensive that if the new model fails in the marketplace the corporation could go bankrupt.
So they eliminate all competition. They own the upstream and downstream elements of production, from the suppliers of raw material to their own retail outlets. They eliminate the need for banks and finance by keeping a large retained earnings from stockholder dividends. They reduce competition in the marketplace by using exorbitant funds on advertising to make sure we buy the product.
All decisions are made by committees of specialists and experts, eliminating the authority majority stockholders and CEOs have over the manufacturing of a product. The new state, as described in the The New Industrial State, is not capitalism and is not socialism. It is a planned market economy.
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THE PRIZE by Daniel Yergin
(review by Mitch Carter)
The Prize is the story of oil; the complete story from the beginning to the present. Learn the true story of Rockefeller and the breakup of Standard Oil. Rockefeller started off just wanting to bring cheap fuel to lantern users worldwide, to bring light into their homes. (see CREATIVE SOLUTIONS) When the combustible engine was invented from the advances in science the demand for oil shot sky-high.
Rockefeller was right in line to supply that demand. Oil was discovered in Texas, and Rockefeller rushed to the Midwest to build wells to pump the newly discovered oil, and to send it market by train. Hundreds of other entrepreneurial Americans started doing the same thing in "wildcat" wells all around him. It caused a glut of oil on the market and the price of oil started drastically falling.
They were also all pumping from the same giant pool of oil. Threatened with chaos and collapse of the market, Rockefeller used his considerable financial advantage and ruthlessly ran his competitors out of business. He monopolized the transportation system (railroads) and forced the cost of transporting the oil to rise for his competition and fall for him.
He also had engineers invent deeper wells, so he could pump the pool of oil dry, before his competitors could reach it. The US courts later found his activities of monopoly unconstitutional, and broke up his company, Standard Oil, into seven separately owned Standard Oils.
The Prize shows how Russia was and still is the biggest oil producer in the world. They survived economically through the international boycotts of the Cold War and kept up with the "arms race" by relying on oil. They supplied all their "satellite" nations in the "Eastern Bloc" with oil as well.
Learn how WWII was won by shooting down all the tankers at sea heading for Japan or Germany. They literally ran out of gas. The Nazi's were within a hundred miles of the oil fields in Russia when it all came to a halt.
The Prize gives you the real picture of what is happening in the Middle East and how it got that way. The history of oil is the history of the modern world. (see OPPRESSION)
The Prize : The Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power
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SMALL IS BEAUTIFUL By E.F. Schumacher
(review by Mitch Carter)
E.F. Schumacher was an economist. Small is Beautiful takes on modern capitalism. Economics is a foreign language to most of us, but E.F. Schumacher brings it down to earth and makes it accessible to everyone.
Small is Beautiful explains how modern capitalism is one kind of capitalism. Schumacher calls it maximizing profits capitalism. All decisions are based on making as much profits for the company as can possibly be made. Considerations like quality of the product, or damage to the environment, or increases in employee wages to keep up with cost of living, or public safety are considered uneconomic. They interfere with maximizing profits.
Schumacher says there are alternative forms of capitalism that allow long term investments that take into consideration what is best for society at large. The main alternative he offers strikes at the heart of capitalism, the private enterprise. He believes the workers should own the enterprise, and in lieu of wages they share equally in the profits.
He believes everything should be kept small, which is where he gets the title of the book. He believes the profits should give the owners/workers a comfortable living and no more. If the profits get bigger, then the enterprise should lower the prices, to keep the profit at the level to give its owners a comfortable living.
If the profits should keep increasing then the enterprise should consider opening a second, third, or fourth enterprise, perhaps in other towns or countries, whatever the situation calls for. Instead of turning it into a chain outfit they would make the workers in the new enterprise the owners, with the same philosophy of keeping the profits small enough to only provide the workers with a good living by slashing prices.
This idea would require the investor, the capitalist, to be magnanimous enough to accept only his share of the profits for his investment. In his book Schumacher profiles a businessman who did just that with great success. The book also addresses aid to developing nations. (see SUPPLY AND DEMAND)
Small is Beautiful
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THE AGE OF LOUIS XIV: A History of European Civilization in the Period of Pascal, Moliere, Cromwell, Milton, Peter the Great, Newton and Spinoza 1648-1715 by Will and Ariel Durant
(Excerpts by Mitch Carter)
“I determined to examine the Bible afresh in a careful, impartial, and unfettered spirit, making no assumption concerning it, and attributing to it no doctrines which I do not find clearly therein, set down. With these precautions I constructed a method of scriptural interpretation.”
He noted and illustrated the difficulty of understanding the Hebrew of the Old Testament; the Masoretic Text was partly guesswork, and could hardly give us an indisputable prototype. He questioned the Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch. He denied that Joshua had composed the book of Joshua; and he ascribed the historical books of the Old Testament to the priest-scribe Ezra, of the fifth century B.C. The book of Job, he thought, was a Gentile production translated into Hebrew.
Spinoza pointed out that in several instances the same story or passage was repeated in different places in the Bible, sometimes in the same words, sometimes in divergent versions; the one case suggesting common borrowing from an earlier manuscript, the other raising the question as to which account was the Word of God. He pointed out their chronological impossibilities and contradictions.
The prophets may have been divinely inspired, but if so it was by a process that Spinoza confessed himself unable to understand. Perhaps they dreamed that they saw God; and then may have believed in the reality of their dreams.
Spinoza suggested the scriptures were used by the scriptural authors to reach the understanding of simple men and move them to virtue or devotion; we must not take them literally.
“When, therefore, the Bible says that the earth is barren because of men’s sins, or that the blind were healed by faith, we ought to take no more notice than when it says that God is angry at men’s sins, that he is sad, that he repents of the good that he has done, these and similar expressions are either thrown out poetically or related according to the opinion and prejudices of the writers." This was probably the most forthright declaration of independence yet made for reason by a modern philosopher. So far as it was accepted, it involved a revolution of profounder significance and results than all the wars and politics of the time.
“We may be absolutely certain that every event which is truly described in Scripture necessarily happened—like everything else—according to natural law; and if anything is there set down which can be proved in set terms to contravene the order of nature, or not to be deducted therefrom, we must believe it to have been foisted into the sacred writings by irreligious hands; for whatever is contrary to nature is contrary to reason, and whatever is contrary to reason is absurd.”
In what sense, then, is the Bible the Word of God? Only in this: it contains a moral code that can form men to virtue. It contains also many things that have led—or been adapted—to human deviltry. For the generality of men (too obsessed with daily cares to have leisure or capacity for intellectual development) the biblical stories can be a beneficent aid to morality.
“It is in every man’s power to wield the supreme right and authority of free judgment, and to explain and interpret religion for himself.”
He read the New Testament with increasing admiration for Christ. He rejected the notion of Christ’s physical resurrection from the dead, but he found himself in such sympathy with the preaching of Jesus that he conceded to him a special revelation from God. “A man who can by pure intuition comprehend ideas which are neither contained in, nor deductible from, the foundation of our natural knowledge, must necessarily possess a mind far superior to those of his fellow men; nor do I believe any have been so endowed save Christ.”
The prophets excelled not in learning but in intensity of imagination, enthusiasm, and feelings; they were great poets and orators.
The divine element in the prophets was not their prophecies but their virtuous lives; and the theme of their preaching was that religion lies in good conduct, not in sedulous ritual.
The emphasis of religious teaching should always be upon conduct rather than creed. It is a suffcient creed to believe in ”a God, that is a supreme being who loves justice and charity,” and whose proper worship ”consists in the practice of justice and love towards one’s fellow man.” No other doctrine is necessary.
Spinoza denounced the use of religion by the state for purposes contrary to what he conceives as basic religion—justice and benevolence .
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THE WHITEHOUSE YEARS by Henry Kissinger
(review by Mitch Carter)
The Whitehouse Years is Henry Kissinger’s narrative of his years as Secretary of State under President Nixon. It is a brilliant book by a brilliant scholar. He takes you on a tour of the nations of the world. With each nation he gives you a background; their history, their culture, their policies, and their aspirations. A lot of the world leaders he visits were students of his when he was a professor at Harvard.
In his book he takes credit for ending the Vietnam War, opening diplomatic relations with Communist China, and managing the Middle East crisis. Critics say Kissinger ended the Vietnam War, but he ended it with the same terms and conditions he could have ended it with four years earlier. It would have saved tens of thousands of American lives and millions of Vietnamese lives.
Nixon was elected on the campaign promise to end the war; but Nixon didn’t want to be the first president in history to lose a war. So Kissinger told the North Vietnamese we would withdraw US troops, if they would negotiate with the South Vietnamese and form a government that was satisfactory to both sides.
The North Vietnamese refused claiming there is no legitimate South Vietnam. They called it a puppet government of the United States. They offered to sign a truce with the US to allow US troops to withdraw in peace.
Kissinger decided to build up the South Vietnamese army instead, long enough for the US to withdraw and Nixon to save face.
He opened relations with China with the purpose of driving a wedge between China and the Soviet Union. His Middle East diplomacy was focused entirely on beating the Soviet Union by pulling their Arab clients over to the U.S. camp. Critics say if he had had bigger aspirations, he would have invited the Soviet Union to join with the Arab nations, the Israelis, and the Americans and brought peace to the region.
THE POWERS THAT BE by David Halberstam
The Powers That Be
THE SANE SOCIETY by Erich Fromm
The Sane Society
A HISTORY OF BROADCASTING Vol 1 by Eric Barnouw
A History of Broadcasting in the United States: Volume 1: A Tower of Babel. To 1933 (Vol 1)
A HISTORY OF BROADCASTING Vol 2
A History of Broadcasting in the United States: Volume 2: The Golden Web. 1933 to 1953 (A History of Broadcasting in the United States, Vol 2-1933 to 1953) (v. 2)
THE IMAGE EMPIRE: A HISTORY OF BROADCASTING VOLUME 3
The Image Empire : A History of Broadcasting in the United States : Volume 3 From 1953.
A HISTORY OF BROADCASTING 3 Volumes
A History of Broadcasting in the United States: A Tower In Babel; The Golden Web; The Image Empire. 3 volumes
COSMIC CONSCIOUSNESS by Richard Maurice Bucke
Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind (Arkana)
The Cold War Years by Paul Y Hammond
The Cold War Years: American Foreign Policy Since 1945
ESCAPE FROM FREEDOM by Erich Fromm
Escape from Freedom
THE RICH AND THE SUPER RICH by Ferdinand Lundberg
The Rich and the Super-Rich: A Study in the Power of Money Today
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